Falange Española de las JONS (1976)

(Spanish for "Spanish Falange of the Councils for the National Syndicalist Offensive", or ) is a Spanish political party registered in 1976, originating from a faction of the previous ().«Nuevo grupo FE de las JONS». El País. 10 de septiembre de 1976. The word is Spanish for phalanx. Members of the party are called Falangists (). The main ideological bases of the party are national syndicalism, Third Position and ultranationalism.

History FE-JONS was the first political party legalized by the Spanish Transition, on 4 October 1976. After the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, a destabilization campaign led by some sectors of the right, trying to repeat the strategy of the 1930s, began. Originally, FE-JONS was linked with the neofascist terrorism in Spain, along with other similar groups.José_Luis_Rodríguez_Jiménez. Los terrorismos en la crisis del franquismo y en la transición política a la democracia. Historia del presente, ISSN 1579-8135, Nº 13, 2009, pages 133-151 A prominent member of the party was linked with the 1977 Massacre of Atocha. This strategy continued in the following years,Violento recorrido por Madrid de una caravana de extrema derecha.Barbarie falangista although the party also participated in elections and fully legal activities. In 1980 an "escuadrilla" (squadron) of the party killed Juan Carlos García Pérez in Ciudad Lineal, Madrid.Diez años de prisión a uno de los implicados en el caso San Bao Diario ABC, 9 de julio de 1983.

After the electoral defeat in the 1977 general election, in which the candidacies openly defending neo-francoist positions gained less than the 1% of the vote, the party begun a gradual distancing from the Franco regime, highlighting the thoughts of pre-Franco falangists, like José Antonio Primo de Rivera or Ramiro Ledesma.Sheelagh M. Ellwood, Paul Preston, Historia de la Falange, p.255. In 1979 the Círculos Doctrinales José Antonio joined the organization, in an attempt to unite neofalangists under a single political party. The same year FE-JONS formed a coalition with Fuerza Nueva and various Carlist political organizations called National Union. The coalition gained 1 MP in the elections of that year, gaining 378,964 votes (2.11%). The party did not participate in the 23-F coup attempt.

Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta, the "National Chief" of the party since its foundation, resigned in 1983. Diego Márquez Horrillo (1928-2014) was elected as the new chief the same year. Since then the party fully broke with Francoism, declaring itself the successor of the original Falange Española de las JONS, and fully rejecting the "Unification Decree" of 1937.

In 1999, a sector of the party split, forming La Falange. In 2004, the small faction Falange Española Independiente (FEI) joined FE-JONS. In 2011 the organization elected a new national chief, Norberto Pedro Pico Sanabria. Pico was an ex-member of the FEI. In 2012 another small faction, Mesa Nacional Falangista, joined FE-JONS.La Mesa Nacional Falangista y FE de las JONS acuerdan integrarse en una misma organización.

In March 2020, Luz Belinda Rodríguez, a member of the Parliament of Andalusia who had left Vox to become an unaffiliated legislator in January 2020, reportedly joined the Falange and vowed to bring the initiatives of FE-JONS to the Parliament of Andalusia. She then quit the Falange to found her own party.

On 8 July 2023, the Junta Electoral Central gave permission for the Falange to use their anthem Cara al Sol in advertisement, citing that the lyrics themselves do not violate the Democratic Memory Law and do not incite conflict or hatred against any specific group.

On 29 October 2024, La Falange announced it would be rejoining FE-JONS after 25 years.

Ideology FE-JONS has been described as the main falangist group active in Spain. The party's ideology has been variously described as neo-fascist, ultranationalist and xenophobic.

Organization Symbols Symbols of Falangism: Yoke and arrows, the symbol of the Catholic Monarchs. The blue shirt, a symbol of industrial workers. Cara al Sol, "Facing the sun", its anthem. A flag with red and black vertical stripes. The Swan as a symbol of Grand Inquisitor Cisneros (1436–1517) (universitarian branch).

Leadership +National Chief Term1.Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta1976 – 19832.Diego Márquez Horrillo1983 – 20113.Norberto Pico Sanabria2011 – present

Electoral performance Cortes Generales Election Leading candidate Congress Senate Government Votes % Seats +/– Seats +/–197746,5480.25NewNewNo seats1979Within National Union10Opposition19822,5280.0110No seats198643,4490.2200No seats1989Diego Márquez Horrillo24,0250.1200No seats19938,0000.0300No seats200412,2660.0500No seats200814,0230.0500No seats20112,9010.0100No seats 2015 7,495 0.03 0 0 2016 9,862 0.04 0 0 Apr. 2019 641 0.00 0 0 Nov. 2019 608 0.00 0 0No seats2023Norberto Pico4,6830.02 0 0No seats

European Parliament ElectionLeading candidate Votes % Seats +/–EP Group 1987Diego Márquez Horrillo23,4070.12New–198924,3400.150–199411,7330.060–20044,4840.030–200910,0310.060–2014Norberto Pico21,6870.140– 2019 Within ADÑ–Spanish Identity 0–20249,6770.06 0–

Falange Española de las JONS (1976)

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