Joaquín Manglano y Cucaló de Montull, Grandee of Spain, 15th Baron of Cárcer, 2nd Baron of Beniomer, 18th Baron of Llaurí, 6th Count of Burgo de Laverazo, 2nd Marquis of Altamira de la Puebla, 13th Baron of Alcahalí de San Juan y Mosquera (1892–1985)ABC 03.03.85, available here and here was a Spanish entrepreneur, official, Catholic activist and politician. In terms of business he is known mostly as member of the Levantine economic oligarchy, in terms of officialdom as a Francoist mayor of Valencia (1939–1943) and a longtime Cortes deputy (1952–1967), in terms of Catholic activity as president of Legión Católica Española and in terms of politics as a Carlist.
Family and youth
The Manglano family was first noted in the 14th century, related to Alcarria;Fernando de Alos y Merry del Val, Eduardo Garcia-Menacho y Osset, Los Manglano, [in:] Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heraldica y Genealogia 9 (2006), p. 8 they grew to major Castilian landholders in the 16th and 17th century.Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, pp. 8-9 In the mid-18th century its branch settled in Levante;Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, p. 13 accumulating land in the Valencia province they grew to regidores and, by means of marriage, entered the aristocratic strata.Joaquín’s great-great-great-grandfather became the 8. Baron of Alcahalí y Mosquera, while Joaquín’s great-great-grandfather rose to the 14. Baron of Lllaurí Joaquín's paternal grandfather, Jose Pedro Manglano y Ruizhe changed his name to Vich (1819-1900),Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, p. 14 gained new aristocratic titles,by means of marriage to Julia Palencia y Roca, 1. Baroness of Beniomer, Revista de Historia y de Genealogia Española 14 (1929), available here in 1867-1868 served as a Cortes deputysee the official Cortes service, available here and emerged as one of the most prestigious local personalities.
Joaquín's father, Luis Manglano y Palencia (1863–1937), inherited some of the titles and most of the real estate wealth, adding also new honors to his collection;e.g. Mayordomo de Semana de S.M and caballero Gran Cruz de Isabel la Catolica, Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, p. 14 until the 1910s in public realm he was noted mostly as leader of aristocratic Valencian Catholic organizations.he rose to president of Real Hermandad del Santo Calíz He married Josefa Cucaló de Montull y Cubells (1861–1951),Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, p. 19 a girl of prestigious aristocratic descentshe was the only child of Joaquin Manuel Bellvis (before Joaquin Cucaló y Montull y Ruiz de Alarcon) who brought yet new titles to the family.baronesa de Terrateig and marquesa de Cea; she transferred the titles not to Joaquín but to his two younger brothers, see ABC 18.06.36, available here The couple had 8 children, Joaquín born as the oldest of the siblings.named Joaquín, Luisa, Blanca, María de la Asuncion, María del Carmen, Julia, Jesús and Fernando
Joaquín was first educated - like his father, brothers and sons - at the prestigious Jesuit Colegio San José in Valencia, completing the curriculum in 1908.see Asociación Antiguos Alumnos Jesuitas website, catalogue of names available here He then went on to study both law and letters.Andreu Ginés i Sànchez, La instauració del franquisme al País Valencià [PhD thesis Barcelona Universitat Pompeu Fabra], Barcelona 2008, p. 473 He spent academic years with University of Valencia,Manglano Cucaló de Montull, Joaquín entry. [in:] Javier Paniagua, José A. Piqueras (eds.), Diccionario biográfico de políticos valencianos: 1810-2006, Valencia 2008, , p. 335 but obtained PhD laurels in 1914 in Madrid thanks to the thesis titled Apuntes para una memoria sobre El Justicia de Valencia.Valencia 1914, compare worldcat service, available here He might have intended to work as a secondary school teacher,in 1915 intended to be a teacher of geography and/or history in Instituto de Cartagena, see Gaceta de Instrucción 10.11.15, available here but in the mid-1910 he was already referred to as “joven abogado valenciano”La Correspondencia de España 22.10.16, available here; according to some sources he practiced as a lawyer, Ginés i Sànchez 2008, p. 473 and having later inherited most of his fathers’ wealth, lived off the family business.Manglano is often referred to as „rich proprietor”, „grand landowner” etc, though none of the sources consulted provided even general information on size of his landholdings, compare Ginés i Sànchez 2008, p. 472 (“ric isendat agrícola valencià”), Paniagua, Piqueras 2008, p. 335 (“gran propietario”), Francisco Pérez Puche, 50 alcaldes. El ayuntamiento de Valencia en el siglo XX, Valencia 1979, , p. 145 In the 1950s he pursued his interest in history by publishing few works.he wrote historical books related to his ancestor, Jerónimo de Vich: embajador de Fernando el Católico, en Roma (1944), La embajada de España en Roma en los comienzos del reinado de Carlos V, 1516-1519 (1958), Política en Italia del Rey Católico, 1507-1516 (1963), Correspondencia inédita con el embajador Vich (1963) and other minor pieces, compare worldcat service, available here
In 1922 Manglano married Maria del Pilar Baldoví y Miquel (1902-1999),ABC 25.02.99, available here descendant to a noble Baldoví family,daughter of Vicente Baldoví de Beltran and María de Miquel y Irizar, Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, p. 31 owners of landholdings in Ribera Baixa;El esplendor de la familia Baldoví, [in:] Levante-EMV 16.10.10, available here she brought to the already opulent marriage the Tancat de la Baldovina, hundreds of hectares of rice-growing areas near Sueca.Enrique Boix, Los Gorets, cinco generaciones de arroceros, [in:] Libro Familiar blog 22.04.15, available here The couple settled in Valencia, on calle Salvador;Casa del barón de Cárcer entry [in:] jdiezarnal service, available here they had 5 children, born between 1923 and 1933;Alos, Garcia-Menacho 2006, pp. 31-33 though some of them became known locally,Gonzalo Manglano y Baldovi was a pilot and writer, Vicente was a doctor none grew to a nationally recognized figure.the best known was probably Joaquín Manglano Baldoví, see Muere Joaquín Manglano, barón de Llaurí, [in:] Levante-EMV 01.11.11, available here Emilio Manglano, a military involved in CESID, was his nephew. Percival Manglano, a currently active Spanish politician, is his grand-nephew.Jesús Manglano y Cucalo de Montull, XIX Barón de Terrateig entry, [in:] The Peerage service, available here
Manglano accumulated a number of aristocratic titles. In 1916 he was awarded a long defunct honor of 15. Baron of Cárcer,La Epoca 22.10.16, available here the name alternatively applied to him by contemporary press and by present-day scholars alike. Following death of his father, in 1949 Manglano was confirmed as 2. barón de Beniomer and 18. barón de Llaurí.ABC 12.02.49, available here In 1950 the regime conferred upon him Grandeza de España. In 1953 he inherited the title and became the 6. Count of Burgo de Laverazo, in 1956 the 2. Marquis of Altamira de la Puebla and in 1962 the 13. Baron of Alcahalí.Baron de Alcali y de San Juan de Mosquera, [in:] sjnobiliaria service, available here By the end of his life Manglano ceded some of the titles to his offspring, in one case re-acquiring it as he outlived his son.see ABC 12.02.80, available here
Restoration: maurista, ciervista and datista (prior to 1923)
Throughout the 19th century Manglano's ascendants did not demonstrate clear political penchant: the Barón de Llaurí family is listed as traditionally pro-Liberal, Barón de Cárcer family as traditionally ambiguous and Barón de Terrateig traditionally Carlist.Antonio Caridad Salvador, El carlismo en el País Valenciano y Teruel (1833-1840) [PhD thesis Universidad de Valencia], Valencia 2010, esp. cuadro 60 However, in the early 20th century his father was clearly active as a Conservative. The young Joaquín, apart from having been first noted as joining Orden de Montesa in 1909,La Mañana 15.06.11, available here during his academic years engaged in emerging Catholic initiatives; they are currently classified as falling somewhere in-between Christian Democracy and Social Catholicism. Influenced by Herrera Oria and ACNDP, in 1912 Manglano was recorded as active in catolicismo agrario, visiting local Levantine villageslike Algemesi, Alcoy and Burriana and advocating workers’ self-organization;José Luis Orella Martínez, El origen del primer catolicismo social español, [PhD thesis UNED] Madrid 2012, p. 77 in 1913 he contributed himself to setting up Sindicato Cátolico Agrario.Orella Martínez 2012, p. 99 In the mid-1910s he was also active in the Valencian Centro de Jovenes para la Defensa Social and together with his father took part in initiatives bringing together various breeds of ultra-conservative groupings, apart from the Conservatives including the Integrists and the Jaimists.El Siglo Futuro 11.04.18, available here
In 1916 Joaquín supported own father in his bid for the Cortes from Nules; in the extremely divided local conservative settingthe Right in Castellon-Valencia was profoundly divided into datistas (led by Ramón Salvador), idoneosdatistas (Tiburcio Martín), ciervistes (Luis Fabra), mauristas, paquistas and jaimistas, José Luis Giménez Julià, El maurisme i la dreta conservadora a la Plana, 1907-1931 [PhD thesis Universitat Jaume I], Villareal 2015. p 262 Luis Manglano was electedsee the official Cortes service, available here thanks to support of the right-wing conservative fraction named Maurists, the Carlists, and the Republicans.he defeated a governmental candidate, also a Conservative but from the so-called concentration government; the clash led to division among local mauristas, Giménez Julià 2015, p. 259 In 1917 Joaquín appeared among ciervistas, followers of another conservative tycoon, Juan de la Cierva.La Correspondencia de Valencia 23.02.17, available here During the 1918 campaign he decided to compete himself, undoubtedly banking on previous success of his father, also from Nules. Political environment was extremely complex: according to a present-day scholar he was supposed to represent the Maurists and two Carlist groups, the mainstream Jaimists and the local breakaways, named Paquistas, who even set up La Gaceta de Levante to support the campaign.Giménez Julià 2015, p. 262 The Carlists eventually supported Jaime Chicharro and it was only the mauristas who backed Cárcer, though contemporary press dubbed Manglano ciervo-datistaDiario de Valencia 19.02.18, available here or ciervista.ABC 25.02.18, available here The result was that with the conservative vote split, the mandate went to a Liberal candidate.Giménez Julià 2015, p. 263