Phoroncidia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by J. O. Westwood in 1835.
Description
Males measure 1 to 4.5 mm, while females range from 1.3 to 8.5 mm.
The carapace has an eye region projecting above the clypeus. The chelicerae are small with a pair of strong hairs. The abdomen varies in shape, being heavily sclerotized and often leathery, with pronounced folds or humps or with strong spines, tubercles, or extensions. A sclerotized ring surrounds the spinnerets.
The legs are short, with the fourth leg usually longer than the first.
Species , this genus includes 83 species and one subspecies:
Phoroncidia aciculata Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835 – India, China (type species) Phoroncidia alishanensis Chen, 1990 – Taiwan Phoroncidia altiventris Yoshida, 1985 – Korea, Japan Phoroncidia alveolata (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea Phoroncidia ambatolahy Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar Phoroncidia americana (Emerton, 1882) – Canada, United States, Cuba, Jamaica Phoroncidia argoides (Doleschall, 1857) – Indonesia (Ambon) Phoroncidia aurata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 – Madagascar Phoroncidia bifrons (Simon, 1895) – Philippines Phoroncidia biocellata (Simon, 1893) – Brazil Phoroncidia bukolana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Phoroncidia capensis (Simon, 1895) – South Africa Phoroncidia chelys (L. Koch, 1872) – Fiji Phoroncidia cibagou Gan, Mi & Wang, 2025 – China Phoroncidia concave Yin & Xu, 2012 – China Phoroncidia coracina (Simon, 1899) – Indonesia (Sumatra) Phoroncidia cribrata (Simon, 1893) – Paraguay Phoroncidia crustula Zhu, 1998 – China (Hainan) Phoroncidia cygnea (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania) Phoroncidia dino Vanuytven, 2022 – Papua New Guinea Phoroncidia eburnea (Simon, 1895) – South Africa, Eswatini Phoroncidia ellenbergeri Berland, 1913 – Gabon Phoroncidia escalerai (Simon, 1903) – Equatorial Guinea Phoroncidia flavolimbata (Simon, 1893) – Ecuador Phoroncidia floripara Gao & Li, 2014 – China Phoroncidia fumosa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia gayi (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia gira Levi, 1964 – Venezuela Phoroncidia hankiewiczi (Kulczyński, 1911) – Portugal, Spain, France Phoroncidia hexacantha Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Sumatra) Phoroncidia jacobsoni (Reimoser, 1925) – Indonesia (Sumatra) Phoroncidia kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910) – Kenya, Tanzania P. k. concolor (Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya Phoroncidia levii Chrysanthus, 1963 – Indonesia (New Guinea) Phoroncidia longiceps (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil Phoroncidia lygeana (Walckenaer, 1841) – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo) Phoroncidia maindroni (Simon, 1905) – India Phoroncidia minlangi Lin & Li, 2023 – China Phoroncidia minuta (Spassky, 1932) – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran Phoroncidia moyobamba Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil Phoroncidia musiva (Simon, 1880) – New Caledonia Phoroncidia nasuta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan Phoroncidia nicoleti (Roewer, 1942) – Chile Phoroncidia nicoleti Levi, 1964 – Chile Phoroncidia oahuensis (Simon, 1900) – Hawaii Phoroncidia paradoxa (Lucas, 1846) – Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey Phoroncidia pennata (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia personata (L. Koch, 1872) – Samoa Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) – Georgia, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan Phoroncidia pilula (Simon, 1895) – Tanzania (Zanzibar) Phoroncidia piratini Rodrigues & Marques, 2010 – Brazil Phoroncidia pukeiwa (Marples, 1955) – New Zealand Phoroncidia puketoru (Marples, 1955) – New Zealand Phoroncidia puyehue Levi, 1967 – Chile Phoroncidia quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) – New Zealand Phoroncidia ravot Levi, 1964 – Venezuela Phoroncidia reimoseri Levi, 1964 – Brazil Phoroncidia roseleviorum Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar Phoroncidia rotunda (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland, Lord Howe Is.), Samoa Phoroncidia rubens Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon Phoroncidia rubroargentea Berland, 1913 – Madagascar Phoroncidia rubromaculata (Keyserling, 1886) – Brazil Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 1979 – Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.) Phoroncidia saboya Levi, 1964 – Colombia Phoroncidia scutellata (Taczanowski, 1879) – Peru Phoroncidia scutula (Nicolet, 1849) – Bolivia, Chile Phoroncidia septemaculeata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia Phoroncidia sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1890) – Australia (Queensland) Phoroncidia sjostedti Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania Phoroncidia spissa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia splendida Thorell, 1899 – West Africa Phoroncidia studo Levi, 1964 – Peru, Brazil Phoroncidia testudo (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – India, Sri Lanka Phoroncidia thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka Phoroncidia tina Levi, 1964 – Brazil Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) – Brazil Phoroncidia trituberculata (Hickman, 1951) – Australia (Tasmania) Phoroncidia triunfo Levi, 1964 – Mexico to Costa Rica Phoroncidia truncatula (Strand, 1909) – South Africa Phoroncidia umbrosa (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia variabilis (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile Phoroncidia vatoharanana Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar Phoroncidia wrightae Kariko, 2014 – Madagascar
Formerly included: P. flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) (Transferred to Dipoena) P. sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Chrosiothes)
Nomen dubium P. quadrispinella Strand, 1907
References
Further reading