Chulkov (masculine, Russian: Чулков) or Chulkova (feminine, Russian: Чулкова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anastasia Chulkova (born 1985), Russian racing cyclist Georgy Chulkov (1879–1939), Russian poet, editor, writer and critic Maksim Chulkov (born 1988), Russian acrobatic gymnast