Amazophrynella is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. They are found throughout the Amazon Basin.
Description Species of the genus Amazophrynella are small toads measuring in snout–vent length. The hind limbs are well developed. The parotoid glands are absent, as are vocal slits and tympana. The skin is uniformly and finely granulose. Dorsal coloration is cryptic.
Species of the genus Amazophrynella are pond breeders, which is presumably an ancestral trait in bufonids (most Dendrophryniscus breed in phytotelmata).
Taxonomy Amazophrynella was separated from Dendrophryniscus in 2012 based on molecular genetic evidence that indicated deep divergence between an Amazonian and an Atlantic Forest clade, the latter retaining the name Dendrophryniscus whereas the former was described as a new genus Amazonella, later amended to Amazophrynella because of homonymy. The analysis suggested that Amazophrynella is the sister taxon of Dendrophryniscus, but a later study has suggested a more distant relationship.
Species The following species are recognized in the genus Amazophrynella: +SpeciesImageAmazophrynella amazonicola
Rojas, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2015Amazophrynella bilinguis
Kaefer, Rojas, Ferrão, Farias & Lima, 2019Amazophrynella bokermanni
(Izecksohn, 1994)Amazophrynella gardai
Mângia, Koroiva & Santana, 2020Amazophrynella javierbustamantei
Rojas-Zamora, Chaparro, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, Hrbek, and Gordo, 2016Amazophrynella manaos
Rojas, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, and Hrbek, 2014Amazophrynella matses
Rojas, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2015Amazophrynella minuta
(Melin, 1941)Amazophrynella moisesii
Rojas-Zamora, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2018Amazophrynella siona
Rojas-Zamora, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2018Amazophrynella teko
Rojas-Zamora, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2018Amazophrynella vote
Ávila, Carvalho, Gordo, Kawashita-Ribeiro, and Morais, 2012Amazophrynella xinguensis
Rojas-Zamora, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2018 References