Kosmodemyansky () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Kosmodemyanskaya. It may refer to:
Aleksandr Kosmodemyansky (1925-1945), Soviet military officer 1977 Shura, an asteroid named after Aleksandr Kosmodemyansky Lyubov Kosmodemyanskaya (1900–1978), Soviet social worker, mother of Aleksandr and Zoya 2072 Kosmodemyanskaya, an asteroid named after Lyubov Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941), Soviet partisan, sister of Aleksandr 1793 Zoya, an asteroid named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya