State leaders in the 5th century BC – State leaders in the 3rd century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 4th century BC (400–301 BC).
Africa: North
Carthage
Carthage (complete list) – Didonian Himilco II, King (406–396 BC) Mago II, King (396–375 BC) Mago III, King (375–344 BC) Hanno III, King (344–340 BC) Hannonian Hanno the Great, prince (340–337 BC) Gisco, King (337–330 BC) Hamilcar II, King (330–309 BC) Bomilcar, King (309–308 BC)
Egypt: Late Period
Twenty-eighth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) – Amyrtaeus, Pharaoh (404–398 BC)
Twenty-ninth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) – Nefaarud I, Pharaoh (398–393 BC) Psammuthes, Pharaoh (393 BC) Hakor, Pharaoh (393–380 BC)
Thirtieth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) – Nectanebo I, Pharaoh (380–362 BC) Teos, Pharaoh (362–360 BC) Nectanebo II, Pharaoh (360–343 BC)
Khabash Revolt of the Second Persian occupation of Egypt (Thirty-first Dynasty) Khabash, rebel Pharaoh (c.338–c.335 BC)
Egypt: Ptolemaic Kingdom
Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) – Ptolemy I Soter, Pharaoh (305–283/282 BC)
Kush
Kush (complete list) – Harsiotef, King (404–369 BC) (unknown Qore), King (369–350 BC) Akhraten, King (350–335 BC) Amanibakhi, King (4th century BC) Nastasen, King (335–315 BC)
Numidia
Numidia: Eastern Numidia (complete list) – Zelalsen, King (344–274 BC)
Asia
Asia: East
China: Warring States period
Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) – An, King (401–376 BC) Lie, King (375–369 BC) Xian, King (368–321 BC) Shenjing, King (320–315 BC) Nan, King (314–256 BC)
Chu (complete list) – Dao, King (401–381 BC) Su, King (380–370 BC) Xuan, King (369–340 BC) Wei, King (339–329 BC) Huai, King (328–299 BC)
Han (complete list) – Jing, Marquess (408–400 BC) Lie, Marquess (399–387 BC) Wen, Marquess (386–377 BC) Ai, Marquess (376–374 BC) Gong, Marquess (374–363 BC) Xi, Marquess (362–233 BC) Xuanhui, King (332–312 BC) Xiang, King (311–296 BC)
Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) – Kang, Duke (404–386 BC)
Qi: House of Tian (complete list) – Tai, Duke (404–384 BC) Tian Yan, Marquess (383–375 BC) Huan, Duke (374–357 BC) Wei, King (356–320 BC) Xuan, King (319–300 BC) Min, King (300–283 BC)
Qin (complete list) – Jian, Duke (414–400 BC) Hui II, Duke (399–387 BC) Chuzi II, Duke (386–385 BC) Xian, Duke (384–362 BC) Xiao, Duke (361–338 BC) Huiwen, King (337–311 BC) Wu, King (310–307 BC) Zhaoxiang, King (306–251 BC)
Wei (complete list) – Wen, Marquess (445–396 BC) Wu, Marquess (396–370 BC) Hui, King (370–319 BC) Xiang, King (319–296 BC)
Zhao (complete list) – Lie, Marquess (409–387 BC) Jing, Marquess (387–375 BC) Cheng, Marquess (375–350 BC) Su, Marquess (350–326 BC) Wuling, King (326–299 BC)
Asia: Southeast Vietnam Hồng Bàng dynasty (complete list) – Hùng Duệ Vương, King (408–258 BC)
Asia: South
India
Magadha: Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) – Shishunaga, King (413–395 BC) Kalashoka, King (395–367 BC) Mahanandin, King (367–345 BC)
Magadha: Nanda dynasty (complete list) – Mahapadma Nanda, Emperor (c.345–c.329 BC) Dhana, Emperor (c.329–c.321 BC)
Maurya Empire (complete list) – Chandragupta, Emperor (324–297 BC)
Sri Lanka
Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) – Pandukabhaya, King (377–367 BC) Mutasiva, King (367–307 BC) Devanampiya Tissa, King (307–267 BC)
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (complete list) – Pandukabhaya, King (437–377 BC)
Asia: West
First Persian Empire: Achaemenid Empire(complete list) – Artaxerxes II, Great King, Shah (404–358 BC) Artaxerxes III, Great King, Shah (358–338 BC) Arses, Great King, Shah (338–336 BC) Darius III, Great King, Shah (336–330 BC) Bessus, Great King, Shah (330–329 BC)
Antigonid dynasty (complete list) – Antigonus I Monophthalmus, King in Syria and Asia Minor (306–301 BC)
Atropatene (complete list) - Atropates Satrap (323 BC-321 BC) King (c.321 BC)
Kingdom of Bithynia (complete list) – Bas, Dynast (376–326 BC) Zipoetes I, Dynast (326–297 BC)
Bosporan Kingdom:Spartocids dynasty (complete list) – Satyrus I, King (433–389 BC) Seleucus, King (433–393 BC) Leucon I, King (389–349 BC) Gorgippus, King (389–349 BC) Spartacus II, King (349–344 BC) Pairisades I, King (349–311 BC) Satyrus II, King (311–310 BC) Prytanis, King (310 BC) Eumelos, King (310–304 BC) Spartacus III, King (304–284 BC)
Kingdom of Cappadocia (complete list) – Ariarathes I Satrap (350–331 BC) King (331–322 BC) Ariarathes II, Suzerain King (301–280 BC)
Colchis (complete list) – Akes, King (late 4th century BC) Kuji, King (325–280 BC)
Seleucid Empire (complete list) – Seleucus I Nicator, King (305–281 BC)
Europe Europe: Balkans
Athens (complete list) –
Xenainetos, Archon (401–400 BC) Laches, Archon (400–399 BC) Aristocrates, Archon (399–398 BC) Euthykles, Archon (398–397 BC) Souniades, Archon (397–396 BC) Phormion, Archon (396–395 BC) Diophandus, Archon (395–394 BC) Ebulides, Archon (394–393 BC) Demostratos, Archon (393–392 BC) Philocles, Archon (392–391 BC) Nicoteles, Archon (391–390 BC) Demostratos, Archon (390–389 BC) Antipatros, Archon (389–388 BC) Pyrgion, Archon (388–387 BC) Theodotos, Archon (387–386 BC) Mystichides, Archon (386–385 BC) Dexitheus, Archon (385–384 BC) Dieitrephes, Archon (384–383 BC) Phanostratos, Archon (383–382 BC) Euandros, Archon (382–381 BC) Demophilos, Archon (381–380 BC)
Pytheas, Archon (380–379 BC) Nikon, Archon (379–378 BC) Nausinikos, Archon (378–377 BC) Kalleas, Archon (377–376 BC) Charisandrus, Archon (376–375 BC) Hippodamas, Archon (375–374 BC) Socratides, Archon (374–373 BC) Asteius, Archon (373–372 BC) Alcisthenes, Archon (372–371 BC) Phrasicleides, Archon (371–370 BC) Dyscinitus, Archon (370–369 BC) Lysistratus, Archon (369–368 BC) Nausigenes, Archon (368–367 BC) Polyzelus, Archon (367–366 BC) Ciphisodorus, Archon (366–365 BC) Chion, Archon (365–364 BC) Timocrates, Archon (364–363 BC) Charicleides, Archon (363–362 BC) Molon, Archon (362–361 BC) Nicophemus, Archon (361–360 BC) Callimides, Archon (360–359 BC)
Eucharistus, Archon (359–358 BC) Ciphisodotus, Archon (358–357 BC) Agathocles, Archon (357–356 BC) Elpines, Archon (356–355 BC) Callistratus, Archon (355–354 BC) Diotemus, Archon (354–353 BC) Thudemus, Archon (353–352 BC) Aristodemus, Archon (352–351 BC) Theellus, Archon (351–350 BC) Apollodorus, Archon (350–349 BC) Callimachus, Archon (349–348 BC) Theophilus, Archon (348–347 BC) Themistocles, Archon (347–346 BC)Unless otherwise noted, archons from 347/6 to 301/0 BC are taken from Benjamin D. Meritt, "Athenian Archons 347/6–48/7 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 26 (1977), pp. 161–191 Archias, Archon (346–345 BC) Ebulus, Archon (345–344 BC) Lyciscus, Archon (344–343 BC) Pythodotus, Archon (343–342 BC) Sosigenes, Archon (342–341 BC) Nicomachus, Archon (341–340 BC) Theophrastus, Archon (340–339 BC) Lysimachides, Archon (339–338 BC)
Epirus (complete list) – Tharrhypas, King (430–392 BC) Alcetas I, King (390, 385–370 BC) Neoptolemos I, King (370–357 BC, 317–313 BC) Arybbas, King (373–343 BC) Alexander I, King (342–331 BC) Aeacides, King (330–317 BC) Alcetas II, King (313–306 BC) Pyrrhus I, King (307–302 BC, 297–272 BC) Neoptolemos II, King (302–297 ВС)
Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) – Archelaus I, King (413–399 BC) Craterus, King (399 BC) Orestes, King (399–396 BC) Aeropus II, King (399–393 BC) Archelaus II, King (396–393 BC) Amyntas II, King (393 BC) Pausanias, King (393 BC) Argaeus II, King (393–392 BC) Amyntas III, King (392–370 BC) Alexander II, King (370–368 BC) Ptolemy, Regent (368–365 BC) Perdiccas III, King (368–359 BC) Amyntas IV, King (359 BC) Philip II, King (359–336 BC) Alexander the Great, King (336–323 BC) Philip III Arrhidaeus, King (323–317 BC) Alexander IV, King (317–309 BC) Antipatrid dynasty (complete list) – Cassander, King (305–297 BC)
Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) – Amadocus I, King (408–389 BC)Thracian Kings, University of Michigan Seuthes II, King (405–387 BC) Hebryzelmis, King (387–383 BC) Cotys I, King (384–359 BC) Cersobleptes, King, eastern Thrace (359–341 BC) Berisades, King, western Thrace (359–352 BC) Amatokos II, King, middle Thrace (359–351 BC) Cetriporis, King, western Thrace (356–351 BC) Teres II, King, middle Thrace (351–342 BC) Seuthes III, King (331–300 BC)
Paeonia (complete list) – Agis, King (?–359 BC) Lycceius, King (356–340 BC)Catalogue of Greek Coins: Thessaly to Aetolia by Percy Gardner, 2004, Front Matter: "... present to the money of Philip II. of Macedon, and Lycceius and Audoleon, kings of Paeonia, that they must be given ..." Patraus, King (340–315 BC)Patraus's coin Audoleon, King (315–285 BC)A Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circ. B. C. 700 to a. D. 1. (1895) by British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals, 2009, page 62: "... of Athena, facing. Bee. AYAnA EONTOZ. Horse. Wt. 193.4 grs. Patraus and his son Audoleon reigned over Paaonia between B.C. 340 ..."
Sparta Eurypontid dynasty (complete list) – Agis II, King (c.427–401/400 BC) Agesilaus II, King (c.401/400–360 BC) Archidamus III, King (c.360–338 BC) Agis III, King (c.338–331 BC) Eudamidas I, King (c.331–305 BC) Archidamus IV, King (c.305–275 BC) Agiad dynasty (complete list) – Pausanias of Sparta, King (c.409-395 BC) Agesipolis I, King (c.395–380 BC) Cleombrotus I, King (c.380–371 BC) Agesipolis II, King (c.371–369 BC) Cleomenes II, King (c.369–309 BC) Areus I, King (c.309–265 BC)
Europe: East
Dacia (complete list) – Histrianorum, King (c.339 BC) Cothelas, King (4th century BC)Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 63, "Getae under Cothelas"
Europe: South
Roman Republic (complete list) –
400 – Consular Tribunes: P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, P. Manlius Vulso, Sp. Furius Medullinus, L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, L. Publilius Philo Vulscus 399 – Consular Tribunes: Cn. Genucius Augurinus, C. Duillius Longus, L. Atilius Priscus, M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, M. Pomponius Rufus, Volero Publilius Philo 398 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus, L. Furius Medullinus, M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, M. Furius Camillus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus 397 – Consular Tribunes: L. Iulius Iullus, A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, L. Sergius Fidenas, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus 396 – Consular Tribunes: L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, Cn. Genucius Augurinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, L. Atilius Priscus 395 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Cossus, L. Furius Medullinus, P. Cornelius Scipio, Q. Servilius Fidenas, K. Fabius Ambustus, M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus 394 – Consular Tribunes: M. Furius Camillus, L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, L. Furius Medullinus, Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, C. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Cornelius Scipio 393 L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Consul Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Consul suffectus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, Consul suffectus 392 L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, Consul M. Manlius Capitolinus, Consul 391 – Consular Tribunes: L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, L. Furius Medullinus, Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, Agrippa Furius Fusus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, C. Aemilius Mamercinus 390 – Consular Tribunes: Q. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Sulpicius Longus, K. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, N. Fabius Ambustus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis 389 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola, A. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus (II?), L. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Cornelius, L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis 388 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Iulius Iullus, L. Aquillius Corvus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus 387 – Consular Tribunes: L. Papirius Cursor, Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola