Gudkov (, from гудок meaning toot) is a Russian masculine surname, and its feminine counterpart is Gudkova. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksei Gudkov (born 1972), Russian football player Dmitry Gudkov (born 1980), Russian politician Dmitry Gudkov (mathematician) (1918–1992), Russian mathematician Evgeny Gudkov (born 1978), Russian Paralympic javelin thrower Gennady Gudkov (born 1956), Russian politician and businessman Lev Gudkov (born 1946), Russian sociologist Mikhail Gudkov (1983–2025), Russian major general. Tatyana Gudkova (born 1978), Russian race walker Tatyana Gudkova (fencer) (born 1993, Russian fencer