Simon of Athens was an Athenian writer on horses and horsemanship of the fifth century BC. He is the earliest known ancient Greek writer on the subject; Pliny described him as , "the first to have written on riding". His writings are quoted by Xenophon.
Life
It is not known when Simon lived. However, it cannot have been much before 460 BC, as he is known to have criticised a work of the Athenian painter Micon, who lived at about that time. Simon is the earliest writer of ancient Greece known to have written on horses and horsemanship, and was described by Pliny as , "the first to have written on riding".
According to Xenophon, Simon dedicated a bronze statue of a horse, on a plinth decorated with reliefs of his deeds, in the Eleusinion in the Agora of Athens.
Works
Simon's writings are quoted by Xenophon, who refers to him both in the Hipparchikós () and in Perì hippikēs (, "on horsemanship"). A fragment attributed to him is contained in the Byzantine Hippiatrica, an assemblage of Greek texts on horse care and horse medicine dating from the fifth or sixth century AD; it deals with the characteristics of a good horse, and is entitled , or roughly "on the ideal horse". Another fragment is included in the Onomasticon of Julius Pollux.
His works were believed otherwise lost until, in 1853, the French philologist Charles Victor Daremberg discovered a single chapter in the library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. All the extant fragments of Simon's writings were published by Franz Rühl in 1912.
Simon is mentioned three times in the Hippiatrica: there are two passing mentions of him as an authority like Xenophon, and an account of his criticism of Micon's painting. The attribution to him in the Suda, a compendious Byzantine lexicon, of a work on horse medicine is probably an error, as the passage attributed to him – on the recognition of veins – is in fact taken from the of Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Elsewhere in the Suda Simon's work is referred to as a , or roughly "wonderful book of horse examination".
References Charles Anthon (1853). A Manual of Greek Literature from the Earliest Authentic Periods to the Close of Byzantine Era. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Morris Hicky Morgan (1893). The Art of Horsemanship ... Translated, with chapters on the Greek riding-horse and with notes. Boston: Little & Co. Cited in: Keith Stewart Thomson (1987). Marginalia: How to Sit on a Horse. American Scientist 75 (1): 69–71.
Anne Elena McCabe (2007). A Byzantine encyclopaedia of horse medicine: the sources, compilation, and transmission of the Hippiatrica. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. .
Patrice Franchet d'Espèrey (2007). La main du maître: réflexions sur l'héritage équestre (in French). Paris: Odile Jacob. .
Pliny the Elder, Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff (editor) (1906). Naturalis Historia…, liber xxxiv (in Latin). Lipsiae: Teubner.
Franz Ruehl (1910, 1912). Xenophontis Scripta Minora. Fasciculus prior, Oeconomicum, Convivium, Hieronem, Agesilaum, Apologiam Socratis continens. Post Ludovicum Dindorf edidit Th. Thalheim; Fasciculus posterior opuscula politica, equestria, venatica continens ... Edidit F. Ruehl. Accedunt Simonis De re equestri quae supersunt (2 volumes, in Latin and Ancient Greek). Leipzig: Teubner.
Further reading
Antonio Sestili (2006). L'equitazione nella Grecia antica: i trattati equestri di Senofonte e i frammenti di Simone (in Italian). Scandicci (Firenze): Firenze Atheneum. .