Bǽh-oe-tu (abbr. BOT; ) is an orthography used to write the Haikou dialect of the Hainanese language. It was invented by Carl C. Jeremiassen, a Danish pioneer missionary in Fucheng (present-day Haikou) in 1881.
Spelling schemes
Consonants Bǽh-oe-tu (OT orthography) Bǽh-oe-tu (NT orthography) Example Pronunciation b b 巴敗包 m m 妈母矛 f f 抛派炮 v v 我眉馬 t t 三知聲 d d 担待豆 n n 拿乃腦 l l 拉利漏 c ts 正鳥爭 s s 差猜抄 j z 雅也熱 k k 交官縣 g ng 傲牙俄 kh kh 摳科區 h h 偷听花
Vowels Bǽh-oe-tu (OT orthography) Bǽh-oe-tu (NT orthography) Example Pronunciation a a 霸拿雅 ai ai 板代在 au au 包豆九 am am 斬參甘 ag ang 房黨工 ab ap 十恰合 ak ak 北毒角 ah ah ... ia ia 兵鼎兄 iau iau 表條交 iam iam 甜針鹹 iag iang 常章江 iab iap 諜接葉 iak iak 鹿一菊 iah iah ... oa oa 般大換 oai oai 帥乖 oag oang 盤端川 oak oak 末奪括 oah oah ... æ æ 病茶井 æh æh ... e e 拔處爺 eg eng 冰亭清 ek ek 德值克 eh eh ... oe oe 飛 oeh oeh ... o͘ o͘ 烏 o o 哥 o͘e o͘e 配 o͘i o͘i 每帝街 o͘u o͘u 符肚古 o͘m o͘m 蘸陷拱 o͘g o͘ng 蒙登生 o͘b o͘p 漉 o͘k o͘k 博澤惡 o͘h o͘h ... io io 票張橋 io͘g io͘ng ... io͘k io͘k 竹爵約 io͘h io͘h ... i i 比試氣 iu iu 謬守求 im im 心任禁 in in 賓年認 ib ip 立入及 it it 筆實吉 ih ih ... u u 部女去 ui ui 肥水鬼 un un 分船雲 og ong 碰董共 ut ut 佛律骨 ok ok 福督足 oh oh ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Tones Tonal types Tone numeral Tone Marks(OT orthography) Tone Marks(NT orthography) Example陰平yin ping 23 none none 安天陽平yang ping 21 ◌̂ ◌̂ 平人上聲shang sheng 213 ◌́ ◌́ 古女陰去yin qu 35 ◌̀ ◌̀ 正變陽去yang qu 33 ◌̄ ◌̄ 謝厚陰入yin ru 5 none(-b/-t/-k/-h) none(-p/-t/-k/-h) 急七陽入yang ru 3 ◌́(-b/-t/-k/-h) ◌́(-p/-t/-k/-h) 六十
In Bǽh-oe-tu, Chinese characters pronounced with the tone chang ru (長入, 55) should be marked with the symbol yin ru (陰入, 5). In Haikou dialect, some Chinese characters that should originally be pronounced as yin ru have lost their codas and the pronunciation is elongated. This newly generated tone is called chang ru by scholars.
Sample texts from Hainanese Bibles
See also Hainanese Transliteration Scheme ()
External links Gospel of Luke in Hainan Romanized (Bǽh-oe-tu), published in 1916.