"Ständchen" ("Serenade") is an art song composed by Richard Strauss in 1886, setting a poem of the same title by the German poet Adolf Friedrich von Schack. It is the second of his Six songs for high voice and piano, Op. 17, TrV 149, all set to Schack poems.

Composition history

Schack was a wealthy aristocrat who was a poet, linguist, diplomat and art collector. He was born in Mecklenburg and lived in Munich from 1855 onward. His translations of Persian poems were among his outstanding contributions.Jefferson, page 129 Strauss set ten poems by Schack, the six in the Opus 17 collection, following on from four in his earlier Opus 15 songs (which included Winternacht).

In 1972 Norman Del Mar wrote: With "Ständchen" we come face to face with the most popular of all Strauss' songs. So often has it been heard in its orchestral form that it is easy to forget that the instrumentation is not by Strauss at all, but Felix Mottl. Other arrangements for piano solo and duett, salon orchestra etc quickly followed, and the song could well claim to have made Strauss's name into a household word single handed. That it is a masterpiece there can be little doubt.Del Mar, page 271.

The song's featherweight accompaniment combined with a light and beautifully shaped melody sets the song apart, and "the surges of lyricism both in the refrain and the climax...are the essence of that glowing ecstasy which is the peculiar quality of Strauss' art at its best". Whilst in more recent years the song's popularity has been overtaken by others, notably "Morgen!" and the Four Last Songs, the song remains a standard part of recorded collections of Strauss songs.Arkiv music. There are currently 124 recordings listed in Arkivmusic for Morgen!, although Ständchen has 84. Four Last Songs is Strauss' most popular piece, being listed in the UK Classic FM hall of Fame 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

Strauss accompanied the tenor Heinrich Zeller for the first public concert performance at Weimar on 28 October 1889.Trenner, page 71. He wrote to his parents that the song was repeated by popular demand.Del Mar, page 272. Strauss recorded the piece twice: in 1941 conducting the orchestral version with the tenor Julius Patzak and the Bavarian State Orchestra and in 1942 for a radio broadcast from Vienna on the piano with Finnish soprano Lea Piltti.Getz, page 376.

The poem "Ständchen" has also been set by several other composers, including a version by Pfitzner.Lieder.net list of twelve different settings Retrieved 4 March 2016.

Lyrics Schack's poem comes from his 1866 collection Liebesgedichte und Lieder (Love poems and songs). Strauss slightly altered the words to the second verse (the original second line has "die über die Blumen hüpfen"). StändchenSerenadeSechs Lieder von A.F von Schack, Komponiert von Richard Strauss, Opus 7. No.2 Standchen. D Rather in Leipzig. 1912. English translation by Paul England.Come out, come out, step lightly my love, Lest envious sleepers awaken, So still is the air, no leaf on the boughs above From its slumber is shaken. Then lightly, dear maiden, that none may catch, The tap of thy shoe, or the clink of the latch.

On top toe, on tip toe as moon spirits might Wondering over the flowers Come softly down, through the radiant night To me in the rose hidden bowers The lilies are dreaming around the dim lake In odorous sleep, only love is awake.

Come nearer, Ah, see how the moonbeams fall, Through the willow's drooping tresses The nightingales in the branches all shall dream of our caresses And the roses waking with morning light, Flush red, flush red, with the rapture born of the night.

The 1912 Paul England translation is a "singable translation" which is compatible with the vocal line Strauss wrote for the German.Peter Low (2003), Singable translations of songs, Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, Volume 11, Issue 2, 2003, pages 87–103, DOI:10.1080/0907676X.2003.9961466

Music The music follows the text from a soft beginning with shimmering piano accompaniment to the ecstatic climax on "hoch glühn", when the rose is expected to glow from the "night's rapture". Roger Vignoles, the pianist for a recording of the complete songs by Strauss sung by tenor Andrew Kennedy, wrote in the liner notes about the complexity of rhythm in the treatment of longer syllables in the text, and in the climax which "thrillingly mixes short and long phrases, quick and slow, in the interplay between voice and piano".

Orchestral version

In 1895 the Austrian conductor Felix Mottl (1856–1911) wrote an orchestral version of the song, which was not finally published until 1912.Haider, F (1994), From Salon to Concert Hall, Notes to CD Richard Strauss: The complete orchestral songs", Nightingale classics, NC 000072-2, page 84. The instrumentation consists of:

Three flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons Four french horns, one trumpet, three trombones Timpani Two harps Strings

Strauss himself conducted the Mottl orchestral version, and indeed recorded it in 1941.

References Notes

Sources

Del Mar, Norman, Richard Strauss. A Critical Commentary on his Life and Works, Volume 3, London: Faber and Faber (2009) (second edition), . Getz, Christine (1991), The Lieder of Richard Strauss, chapter 10 in Mark-Daniel Schmid, Richard Strauss Companion, Praeger Publishers, Westfield CT, 2003, . Jefferson, Alan. (1971) The Lieder of Richard Straus, Cassel and Company, London. Schuh, W. Richard Strauss: A Chronicle of the Early Years 1864–1898, (translated by Mary Wittal), Cambridge University Press, 1982. . Trenner, Franz (2003) Richard Strauss Chronik, Verlag Dr Richard Strauss Gmbh, Wien, .

External links

Lieder.net text and translations Ständchen (Serenata), op. 17 n. 2 flaminioonline.it Albert Combrink on Ständchen