TMEM156 is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 156 (TMEM156) in Homo sapiens. It has the clone name of FLJ23235.
Gene
Locus TMEM156 is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. It is found at position 4p14. It has four known transcripts, only two of which have proteins.
Gene neighborhood Cytogenetic band: 4p14
The image above shows chromosome four and the various gene locations on it. TMEM156 can be seen at the thin red band that has been placed at p14.
Size TMEM156 is 66,499 bases and 296 amino acids in length. TMEM156 spans from 38,966,744 to 39,032,922 bp.
mRNA
Splice variants TMEM156 has one known splice variant, TMEM156-003. It has one transmembrane region and is 179 amino acids in length resulting in a lower molecular mass of 20.9 kDa. In addition the isoelectric point is 7.0633 and the gene has four transcripts.
+Exons: TMEM156 consists of nine exons, their length and gene coordinates are listed accordingly.TypeLengthGene CoordinatesAlternative exon 164 bp1 to 64Alternative exon 2912 bp4 to 915Exon 3270 bp11439 to 11708Exon 4261 bp15807 to 16067Exon 5120 bp17760 to 17879Exon 684 bp19305 to 19388Exon 780 bp33260 to 33339Exon 895 bp33907 to 34001Exon 937 bp37247 to 37283
Isoforms There is one known isoform of TMEM156. This particular isoform uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region. The resulting isoform is shorter than the original.
Protein
Structure
Primary structure The TMEM156 protein is 296 amino acids in length. It has a molecular weight of 34.323 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.98. The protein interacts with the membrane three times as seen in the figure below.
Secondary structure TMEM156 has a secondary structure composed of primarily α-helices. Phyre was used to create this structure that can be viewed on the right hand side of this article. It is evident that the predicted protein structure is vastly composed of α-helices. The N terminus is located at the top of the image and the C terminus is at the bottom.
Tertiary structure This structure was predicted by analyzing the amino acid sequence using I-TASSER. The final result can be seen below.
Post-translational modifications Glycosylation at Asn 45 and Asn 156 along with N-glycosylation seen in the portion of the protein that is found in the cytoplasm.
Subcellular location The k-NN tool suggests the location of TMEM156 in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell with 44.4% certainty. The following locations were all predicted with 11.1% certainty: vacuolar, vesicles of secretory system, extracellular, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial.
Expression TMEM156 is expressed in several tissues including ascites, bone marrow, salivary glands, and vascular to name a few. This gene is not ubiquitously expressed, but is still evident in many tissues. This gene is predominately expressed in adults but there is a bit of expression in fetuses.
Interacting proteins C12orf55-chromosome 12 open reading frame 55 FAM92B-family with sequence similarity 92, member B NUGGC-nuclear GTPase, germinal center associated plays a role as replication-related GTPase CEACAM21-carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 CPNES-copine V may function in membrane trafficking exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid binding properties FCRL1-Fc receptor-like 1 may function as an activating coreceptor in B-cells may function in B-cell activation and differentiation MEI1-meiosis inhibitor 1 required for normal meiotic chromosome synapsis may be involved in meiotic double strand breaks MZB1-marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein associates with immunoglobulin M (IgM) both heavy and light chains promotoes IgM assembly and secretion SPAG4-sperm associated antigen 4 may assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (specific fibers to the sperm tail) SLC17A9-solute carrier family 17, member 9 involved in vesicular storage and exocytosis of ATP
Homology Transmembrane protein 156 has one known paralog. It also has various orthologs within eukaryotes. The table below compares an overarching sample of the known orthologs and one paralog. The specific lineage of TMEM156 is: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Homindae; Homo. Organism Common name Accession number Sequence identity Sequence similarity NotesHomo sapienshumanXP_011512056100%100%MammalPhycicoccus sp. Root101WP_05691960836%56%ArchaeaMedicago truncatulabarrel medicXP_00360098852%73%PlantaeAcanthisitta chlorisriflemanKFP7861128%49%AvesStruthio camelus australisKFV8046230%48%AvesChaetura pelagicachimney swiftKFU9597431%50%AvesTauraco erythrolophusred-crested turacoXP_00998993532%48%AvesChlamydotis macqueeniiMacQueen's bustardXP_01011368733%50%AvesChelonia mydasgreen sea turtleXP_00705976435%54%ReptileAlligator mississippiensisAmerican alligatorXP_00627371436%56%ReptileDasypus novemcinctusnine-banded armadilloXP_00445944073%81%MammalFelis catusdomestic catXP_00693122868%77%MammalPanthera tigris altaicaAmur tigerXP_00709892769%78%MammalBubalus bubaliswater buffaloXP_00606618872%83%MammalCapra hircusgoatXP_00568156972%83%MammalLeptonychotes weddelliiWeddell sealXP_00673236872%82%MammalOvis ariessheepXP_01203519373%84%MammalBison bison bisonbisonXP_010831883.174%84%MammalCamelus bactrianusBactrian camelXP_01096097274%85%MammalVicugna pacosalpacaXP_01509952375%86%MammalPteropus vampyruslarge flying foxXP_01136429979%89%MammalHomo sapienshumansNP_061028.347%58%Mammal
References