The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.
General information Maintainer First public release date Latest stable version Latest release date License Public issues list 4D (4th Dimension) 4D S.A.S. 1984 v16.0 2017-01-10 ADABAS Software AG 1970 8.12013-06 Adaptive Server Enterprise SAP AG 1987 16.0 SP03 PL072019-06-10 Advantage Database Server (ADS) SAP AG 1992 12.0 2015 Altibase Altibase Corp. 2000 7.1.0.1.2 2018-03-02 Apache Derby Apache 2004 10.17.1.0 2023-11-14 ClustrixDB MariaDB Corporation 2010 v7.0 2015-08-19 CockroachDB Cockroach Labs 2015 v24.1.0 2024-05-20 CrateDB Crate.io 2013-04-15 6.4.0 2026-07-06 CUBRID CUBRID 2008-11 11.2.3 2023-01-31 Datacom CA, Inc. Early 70s 14 2012 IBM Db2 IBM 1983 ; Empress Embedded Database Empress Software Inc 1979 10.20 2010-03 Exasol EXASOL AG 2004 7.1.1 2021-09-15; FileMaker FileMaker, Inc., an Apple subsidiary 1985-04 19 2020-05-20 Firebird Firebird project 2000-07-25 ; GPUdb GIS Federal 2014 3.2.5 2015-01-14 HSQLDB HSQL Development Group 2001 2.6.1 2021-10-21 H2 H2 Software 2005 2.3.232 2024-08-12 Informix Dynamic Server IBM / HCL Technologies 1981????1980 15.0.0.1 2025-03-15 Ingres Actian(HCLSoftware) 1974 12.0.0 2024-05-06 InterBase Embarcadero Technologies 1984 XE7 v12.0.4.357 2015-08-12 Linter SQL RDBMS RELEX Group 1990 6.0.17.53 2018-02-15 LucidDB The Eigenbase Project 2007-01 0.9.4 2012-01-05 MariaDB MariaDB Community 2010-02-01 ; MaxDB SAP AG 2003-05 7.9.0.8 2014 SingleStore (formerly MemSQL)SingleStore 2012-06 7.1.11 2020-10-12 Microsoft Access (JET) Microsoft 1992 16 (2016) 2015-09-22 Microsoft Visual Foxpro Microsoft 1984 9 (2005) 2007-10-11 Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft 1989 ; Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) Microsoft 2000 2011 (v4.0) Mimer SQL Mimer Information Technology 1978 11.0.9H 2026-08-27 MonetDB MonetDB Foundation 2004 Dec2025 2025-12-16 mSQL Hughes Technologies 1994 4.1 2017-06-30 MySQL Oracle Corporation 1995-11 ; NexusDB NexusDB Pty Ltd 2003 4.00.14 2015-06-25 HPE NonStop SQL Hewlett Packard Enterprise 1987 SQL/MX 3.4 NuoDB NuoDB 2013 4.1 2020-08 Omnis Studio TigerLogic Inc 1982-07 6.1.3 Release 1no 2015-12 OpenEdge Progress Software Corporation 1984 12.8 2024-1 OpenLink Virtuoso OpenLink Software 1998 7.2.14 2024-11-11 Oracle DB Oracle Corporation 1979-11 ; Oracle Rdb Oracle Corporation 1984 Paradox Corel Corporation 1985 11 2009-09-07 Percona Server for MySQL Percona 2006 Picodata Picodata 2022 26.2.1 2026-09-01 Actian Zen (PSQL) Actian 1982 v16 2024-06-30 Polyhedra DBMS ENEA AB 1993 9.0 2015-06-24 , with Polyhedra Lite available as Freeware. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL Global Development Group 1989-06 17.4 2025-02-21 R:Base R:BASE Technologies 1982 10.0 2016-05-26 SAP HANA SAP AG 2010 2.0 SPS04 2019-08-08 solidDB UNICOM Global 1992 7.0.0.10 2014-04-29 SQL Anywhere SAP AG 1992 17.0.0.48 2019-07-26 SQLBase Unify Corp. 1982 11.5 2008-11 SQLite D. Richard Hipp 2000-09-12 ; SQream DB SQream Technologies 2014 2.1 2018-01-15 Superbase Superbase 1984 Classic 2003 Superbase NG Superbase NG 2002 Superbase NG 2.10 2017 Teradata Teradata 1984 15 2014-04 TiDB PingCAP Inc. 2016 ; UniData Rocket Software 1988 8.2.1 2017-07 Vector Actian(HCLSoftware) 2010 7.0 2024-12-17 VoltDB Volt Active Data 2010-05-25 13.2 2026 YugabyteDB Yugabyte, Inc. 2018 Actian Zen (PSQL) Actian 1982 v16 2024-06-30 Maintainer First public release date Latest stable version Latest release date License Public issues list
Operating system support The operating systems that the RDBMSes can run on. Windows macOS Linux BSD UNIX AmigaOS z/OS OpenVMS iOS Android 4th Dimension ADABAS Adaptive Server Enterprise Advantage Database Server Altibase Apache Derby ClustrixDB CockroachDB CrateDB CUBRID IBM Db2 Empress Embedded Database EXASolution FileMaker Firebird HSQLDB H2 Informix Dynamic Server (AIX) Ingres InterBase (Solaris) Linter SQL RDBMS Under Linux on IBM Z LucidDB MariaDB https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esminis.server.mariadb&hl=de MariaDB Android Version by Tautvydas Andrikys MaxDB Microsoft Access (JET) Microsoft Visual Foxpro Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) Mimer SQL MonetDB MySQL http://techotv.com/run-apache-mysql-php-http-web-server-android-os-phone-tablet/ Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet Omnis Studio OpenEdge OpenLink Virtuoso Oracle Oracle Rdb Picodata Actian Zen (PSQL) (OEM only) Polyhedra PostgreSQL (MorphOS) Under Linux on IBM Z R:Base SAP HANA solidDB Under Linux on IBM Z SQL Anywhere SQLBase SQLite SQream DB Superbase Superbase NG Teradata TiDB UniData UniVerse VoltDB YugabyteDB Windows macOS Linux BSD UNIX AmigaOS z/OS OpenVMS iOS Android
Fundamental features Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.
Database Name ACID Referential integrity Transactions Fine-grained locking Multiversion concurrency control Unicode Interface Type inference 4th Dimension GUI & SQL ADABAS proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party) Adaptive Server Enterprise (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL Advantage Database Server (Row-level locking) 4 API & SQL Altibase (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL Apache Derby (Row-level locking) SQL ClustrixDB SQL CockroachDB (Row-level locking) SQL CUBRID (Row-level locking) GUI & SQL IBM Db2 (Row-level locking) GUI & SQL Empress Embedded Database API & SQL EXASolution API & GUI & SQL Firebird API & SQL HSQLDB SQL H2 SQL Informix Dynamic Server (Row-level locking) SQL, REST, MQ, and JSON Ingres (Row-level locking) SQL & QUEL InterBase SQL Linter SQL RDBMS (Except for DDL) (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL LucidDB SQL MariaDB 2 2 except for DDL (Row-level locking) SQL MaxDB SQL Microsoft Access (JET) GUI & SQL Microsoft Visual FoxPro (Row-level locking SMB2) GUI & SQL Microsoft SQL Server (Row-level locking) GUI & SQL Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) GUI & SQL Mimer SQL (Optimistic locking) API & GUI & SQL MonetDB API & SQL & MAL MySQL 2 3 2 except for DDL (Row-level locking) GUI 5 & SQL OpenEdge 6 (Row-level locking) GUI & SQL OpenLink Virtuoso API & GUI & SQL Oracle except for DDL (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL Oracle Rdb SQL Actian Zen (PSQL) API & GUI & SQL Polyhedra DBMS (optimistic and pessimistic cell-level locking) API & SQL PostgreSQL (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL SAP HANA (Row-level locking) API & GUI & SQL solidDB (Row-level locking) API & SQL SQL Anywhere (Row-level locking) API & GUI & HTTP(S) (REST & SOAP) & SQL SQLBase API & GUI & SQL SQLite (Database-level locking) SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems (like Android, Debian...) API & SQL Superbase NG (Record-level locking) GUI & Proprietary & ODBC Teradata (Hash and Partition) SQL TiDB except for DDL (Row-level locking) GUI 5 & SQL UniData Multiple UniVerse Multiple Database NameACIDReferential integrityTransactionsFine-grained lockingMultiversion concurrency controlUnicodeInterfaceType inference Note (1): Currently only supports read uncommitted transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant. Note (2): MariaDB and MySQL provide ACID compliance through the default InnoDB storage engine. Note (3): "For other than InnoDB storage engines, MySQL Server parses and ignores the and syntax in statements." "The clause (as of 8.0.16) supports most core features for all storage engines." Note (4): Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0. Note (5): MySQL provides GUI interface through MySQL Workbench. Note (6): OpenEdge SQL database engine uses Referential Integrity, OpenEdge ABL Database engine does not and is handled via database triggers.
Limits Information about data size limits. Max DB size Max table size Max row size Max columns per row Max Blob/Clob size Max CHAR size Max NUMBER size Min DATE value Max DATE value Max column name size 4th Dimension Limited 65,135 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) 64 bits Advantage Database Server Unlimited 16 EiB 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength) 4 GiB 64 bits 128 Apache Derby Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 1,012 (5,000 in views) 2,147,483,647 chars 254 (: 32,672) 64 bits 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 128 ClustrixDB Unlimited Unlimited 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS 64 MB 64 MB 64 MB 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 254 CUBRID 2 EB 2 EB Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 1 GB 64 bits 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 254 IBM DB2 Unlimited 1,012 64 bits 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 128 Empress Embedded Database Unlimited 263−1 bytes 2 GB 32,767 2 GB 2 GB 64 bits 0000-01-01 9999-12-31 32 EXASolution Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 10,000 2 MB 128 bits 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 256 FileMaker 8 TB 8 TB 8 TB 256,000,000 4 GB 10,000,000 1 billion characters, to , ± 0001-01-01 4000-12-31 100 Firebird Unlimited1 ≈32 TB 65,536 B Depends on data types used 32 GB 32,767 B 128 bits 100 32768 63 HSQLDB 64 TB Unlimited8 Unlimited8 Unlimited8 64 TB7 Unlimited8 Unlimited8 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 128 H2 64 TB Unlimited8 Unlimited8 Unlimited8 64 TB7 Unlimited8 64 bits -99999999 99999999 Unlimited8 Max DB size Max table size Max row size Max columns per row Max Blob/Clob size Max CHAR size Max NUMBER size Min DATE value Max DATE value Max column name size Informix Dynamic Server ≈0.5 YB12 ≈0,5YB12 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects) 32,765 4 TB 32,76514 10125 13 01/01/000110 12/31/9999 128 bytes Ingres Unlimited Unlimited 256 KB 1,024 2 GB 32 000 B 64 bits 0001 9999 256 InterBaseUnlimited1 ≈32 TB 65,536 B Depends on data types used 2 GB 32,767 B 64 bits 100 32768 31 Linter SQL RDBMS Unlimited 230 rows 64 KB (w/o BLOBs),2GB (each BLOB value) 250 2 GB 4000 B 64 bits 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 66 MariaDB Unlimited MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB;Innodb storage limits: 64 TB;Aria storage limits: ??? 64 KB3 4,0964 4 GB (longtext, longblob) 64 KB (text) 64 bits 1000 9999 64 Microsoft Access (JET) 2 GB 2 GB 16 MB 255 64 KB (memo field),1 GB ("OLE Object" field) 255 B (text field) 32 bits 0100 9999 64 Microsoft Visual Foxpro Unlimited 2 GB 65,500 B 255 2 GB 16 MB 32 bits 0001 9999 10 Microsoft SQL Server 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size)