VP1 or VP-1 may refer to:

VP1: Viral Protein 1, a name used for the largest, most abundant, or first discovered protein component of the capsids of several virus families Major capsid protein VP1, a main component of the polyomavirus capsid VP1, a virtual machine architecture conceptually similar to Java

VP-1: Evans VP-1 Volksplane, an aircraft designed for amateur construction VP-1, an active patrol squadron of the United States Navy, the fifth Navy squadron to be designated VP-1