Dancing Arabs () is the 2002 debut novel of Palestinian writer Sayed Kashua. The work is considered semi-autobiographical, as it draws much on Kashua's real experiences growing up as a Palestinian citizen of Israel. He is also a screenwriter and columnist, publishing most of his work in Hebrew.
The novel tells the story of a Palestinian Israeli teenager from Tira who is admitted to an elite school in Jerusalem. The novel explores his lifelong struggle between his pride in his Palestinian identity and the desire to be a part of Israeli society.
Plot summary The novel opens with the narrator’s childhood in the Israeli Arab city of Tira. The beginning of the novel is characterized by the narrator being mostly unaware of what goes on around him due to his young age. At the beginning of the novel, he is especially close to his grandmother, who charges him with making sure to inform the rest of his family about her secret stash of items to be buried with her upon her death. This causes him to look through the stash, finding an old newspaper clipping about his father. This newspaper clipping reveals that his father was held under administrative detention and questioned by Shin Bet for 2 years in connection to a bombing in a university cafeteria. Upon release, the narrator’s father continued to be an ardent supporter of Palestinian liberation as well as communist causes, echoing the sympathies of many in Tira. The father, who often physically hits the narrator and his siblings, continuously attempts to instill a sense of national pride in his children, chiding them for not understanding what the Palestinian Liberation Organization is as well as reminding them of their grandfather who died a shahid during the war of 1948. During this same period, the oblivious narrator and his siblings witness a news report of the Sabra and Shatilla massacre, which they incorporate into their childhood games due to a lack of understanding of the events. At the same time, their father is one of the only people in the city who refuses to sell his land, as he believes that the people of the village should continue to hold on to what is rightfully theirs.
As the narrator transitions into middle school, he is abruptly hospitalized after a large fall. Subsequently, he undergoes a large change in his personality. He goes from a disruptive and ill-mannered child to a well-behaved one who excels in all of his classes. Even so, he and his classmates are often struck by teachers in school and are often exposed to unhygienic and unproductive learning conditions. It is during this time in his life that his school participates in a Seeds of Peace program. This is the first time the narrator meets an Israeli Jew, as he is paired up with another boy his age over the course of the program. He ends up being convinced that the Jewish boy loves him due to the boy’s insistence on partnering with him and only him. It is also during this time in his life that the narrator begins to prove his intelligence, as he solves a city-wide trivia competition and tests into an elite boarding school in Jerusalem. Although he is still fairly unaware of the state of his poor living conditions in Tira, his grandmother pointedly tells him that “maybe it’s good you’re going away” as this chapter of his life comes to a close.
As the narrator begins his high school career at the Jewish-majority boarding school, he has a difficult time. His roommates and classmates make fun of him for his distinctly different music taste, bedsheets, and dinner manners. However, he finds comfort in moving in with Adel, a student one year older than him who is the only other Arab student at his school. He invites Adel home, and on the way they get harassed by local Jewish kids and stopped at a checkpoint by Jewish soldiers. This causes the narrator to break down crying, vowing to himself that he would better assimilate into Jewish culture and never be recognized as an Arab again. He thus begins a rapid transformation, quickly buying himself clothes popular in the Jewish parts of Israel, learning Western songs, and generally distancing himself from his Arab family and friends. He even becomes integrated enough into his new community to be given an Uzi by his teacher. It is while he is carrying this gun on a field trip with his new class that he runs into his old class from Tira. He ignores his former classmates and refuses to acknowledge to his new Jewish friends that he knows the other Arab students. He also refuses to go home during the following school break due to his belief that his parents don’t treat him right. Instead, he goes to his Jewish friend's Passover Seder, where gets mistaken by his friend’s relative for being Jewish instead of Arab.
During his final two years of high school, he falls in love with the Jewish girl Naomi with whom he has a rocky relationship. Naomi’s father was killed serving in the Israel Defense Forces, and the narrator’s refusal to stand for the memorial siren on Yom HaZikaron causes their relationship to begin with a rough start. Nonetheless, they both confess to loving each other and begin dating until the final few days before their high school graduation. At that point, Naomi’s mother refuses to allow her daughter to date an Arab man, so Naomi breaks up with the narrator. During these final stages of the relationship, however, the narrator becomes overworked and overwhelmed, becoming dependent on pills that counteract hypertension. After he and Naomi break up, he takes 10 of these pills at once and overdoses, resulting in him being checked into the hospital and almost failing his finals.
After barely scraping through his last year of high school, the narrator enrolls in Hebrew University. There he lives as a “settler”—a type of student who lives in the dorms of the university without being eligible for university housing. During his time there, he meets another Arab student, Samia, whom he quickly begins to date. He never graduates from Hebrew University, instead ending up working as a bartender at a dive bar.
Four years after the narrator and Samia meet, he suddenly wakes up and decides to marry her. At his urging they go back to Tira and get married on the spot, resulting in the narrator’s father getting angered by the narrator not marrying in a more traditional manner. The father forces him to go through another long, expansive ceremony with extended family present. Quickly, though, the narrator comes to realize that he only loves Samia when he is in Tira. When they live their regular lives in Jerusalem he feels trapped in a loveless marriage that he would leave if not for their first child. Samia even tells him that he should find a lover, but the narrator feels like that would be impossible to do since the Arab community would judge him for his actions. Nevertheless, he does end up cheating on her with an unspecified Jewish woman, after which he shows intense remorse and lapses back into thinking of himself as an Arab man who can go on and accomplish great things in the name of his people. This episode does not last long though, as he soon reverts back to his hatred of his Arab identity. He finds a kindred soul for this hatred in Shadia, a fellow Israeli-Arab bartender who hates her identity and other Arabs just like the narrator. Unlike him, however, she is always on the move and no longer has a place that she can call home.
The novel then takes a turn to describe the narrator’s father and his job in the Israeli government’s ID office in Tira, a position he got because of his political support of a collaborator for Tira’s mayor. It first becomes a source of intense shame for his father, since he is seen as working for the government that is hated by the people of Tira. However, his ability to access old documents from the era of the British Mandate of Palestine due to this position makes him a hero, as he begins to uncover the forgotten birthdays of everyone in town to allow them to properly celebrate.
At around this same time, the people of Tira lose faith in the cause of Palestinian liberation as the Russians lose the Cold War. The narrator’s father relegates his communist books to a distant, top shelf in his library. Adel breaks up with his Russian girlfriend and instead turns to Islam, which is becoming a larger driving force for many characters in the novel. Adel attempts to get the narrator to become a true believer, taking him to Mecca to see the Kaaba. The narrator, however, does not find this trip convincing. He returns to Israel to his wife giving birth, so he has to rush her to the hospital. On the way, he is recognized multiple times as an Arab, both by soldiers who stop him at a checkpoint and also by other Arabs with whom he ends up speaking in Arabic. He blames his wife for these incidents and is deeply ashamed of this recognition of his Arab identity.
The narrator then returns to a changed Tira amid another war. This Tira is a far richer one, where the money from Jewish tourists who pass through the area is vital to the local economy. Now, the Land Day demonstrations which were prominent in the narrator’s childhood have become muted, as they would scare off the Jewish tourists that the town depends on. The narrator’s father has given up completely on the cause of Palestinian freedom, stating that he believes that the Al-Aqsa Mosque should be blown up as vengeance for the apathy of the wider Arab world towards the Palestinians. Additionally, when the first male grandchild in the new generation of the narrator’s family is born, he gets a Jewish name instead of a Russian or Arab one since it would save him problems in the future.
The narrator wakes up one morning while staying in Tira to his grandmother throwing up in the bathroom. She begins to cry, and states to him that she isn’t crying because she fears death, but because she always thought she would be buried on her own land. She then reminds the narrator about his promise to tell the rest of the family about her secret stash of items to be buried with. The novel closes with him and his grandmother crying in each others’ arms.
Characters
The Narrator: The unnamed protagonist of the novel, the narrator is an Israeli Arab from Tira who grapples with his Arab identity in a predominantly Jewish society. His experiences and struggles to find an identity and place for himself in Israeli society, drawn from Kashua’s own, are the core of the story. The Narrator's Father: A Palestinian activist who was jailed for 2 years by Shin Bet for a possible connection to a university cafeteria bombing. He begins the novel as an ardent supporter of Communist and Pan-Arab causes, which he tries to impress upon the narrator. However, by the end of the novel he becomes disillusioned with these causes and gives up on his activism. The Narrator's Grandmother: A central figure in the narrator's early life, his grandmother maintains a strong connection to traditional values and serves as a source of emotional support for the narrator. Naomi: A Jewish girl whom the narrator falls in love with during his time at the Jewish boarding school. Their relationship faces societal pressures and internal conflicts due to the cultural divide between them. Adel: Another Arab student at the Jewish boarding school whom the narrator befriends before he fits in with Jewish students. Unlike the narrator, he turns to Islam later in the novel as a solution to his issues of integrating into wider Israeli society. Samia: the narrator’s wife, an Arab student at Hebrew University whom the narrator marries. Ultimately, he ends up feeling trapped to her in a loveless marriage. Their relationship highlights the narrator’s struggle with the expectations of his Arab culture and his often contradictory feelings surrounding it.