At a global level, men represent both the majority of victims and the majority of perpetrators of homicide. According to the 2023 UNODC Global Study on Homicide, in 2021, at a global level, 81% of homicide victims were men. In 2021, males accounted for most homicide victims in all jurisdictions except in Austria, the Czech Republic, Iceland, Latvia, Norway, Slovenia and Switzerland, where females were slightly more likely to be homicide victims. The global homicide rate was 9.3 per 100,000 males and 2.2 per 100,000 females; and 90% of homicide suspects brought into formal contact with the police were men. According to the most recent data from World Bank Group, the highest rate per 100,000 inhabitants for female homicide victims is in Central African Republic, Antigua and Barbuda and Jamaica, and the highest rate per 100,000 inhabitants for male homicide victims is in US Virgin Islands, Jamaica and Venezuela. In 2020, the average percentage of women as homicide victims among European Union countries was 37%, with Latvia having the largest percentage of women homicide victims at 60%.
The pattern of males constituting both the majority of perpetrators and of victims has been also observed in studies recording lethal violence in chimpanzees.
Statistics The below table shows the reported annual homicide rate by sex per 100,000 inhabitants according to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Country Male victimsper 100,000 Female victimsper 100,000 Male–FemaleRatio Year 3.12 0.43 7.3 2024 2.26 0.47 4.8 2024 22.4 4.07 5.5 2024 6.57 1.35 4.9 2024 3.84 0.75 5.1 2024 1.2 0.66 1.8 2024 1.05 0.93 1.1 2024 2.78 1.23 2.3 2024 57.41 4.77 12.0 2024 0.11 0.34 0.3 2022 14.77 0.68 21.7 2024 2.11 1.03 2.0 2024 2.0 0.19 10.7 2021 51.25 4.5 11.4 2022 3.39 1.4 2.4 2020 4.65 2.28 2.0 2024 1.26 0.72 1.7 2024 15.68 10.3 1.5 2023 34.6 3.29 10.5 2024 8.21 8.12 1.0 2006 1.93 0.46 4.2 2024 9.18 2.17 4.2 2016 10.31 3.56 2.9 2020 6.9 2.29 3.0 2022 2.74 1.2 2.3 2024 10.88 1.36 8.0 2024 78.88 3.3 23.9 2024 45.89 3.35 13.7 2024 31.52 3.04 10.4 2024 1.07 0.95 1.1 2024 7.12 1.86 3.8 2019 32.62 3.61 9.0 2007 1.17 0.74 1.6 2024 0.6 0.62 1.0 2024 1.31 0.37 3.6 2024 27.19 9.06 3.0 2024 16.12 2.19 7.4 2024 6.5 1.13 5.7 2014 71.98 5.73 12.6 2024 4.13 0.57 7.3 2024 14.25 2.15 6.6 2024 England and Wales 1.37 0.51 2.7 2023 2.94 0.7 4.2 2024 20.32 4.11 4.9 2024 3.04 1.5 2.0 2024 1.16 0.71 1.6 2023 1.99 0.7 2.8 2024 21.44 4.69 4.6 2020 3.96 1.18 3.3 2020 1.06 0.79 1.3 2024 2.69 0.97 2.8 2022 1.23 0.48 2.6 2024 25.53 1.71 14.9 2023 16.04 2.47 6.5 2016 38.95 6.25 6.2 2024 25.46 3.28 7.8 2024 113.73 14.91 7.6 2024 43.05 4.45 9.7 2024 0.45 0.32 1.4 2023 0.93 0.5 1.9 2024 1.49 2.6 0.6 2024 3.14 2.26 1.4 2023 0.57 0.2 2.9 2024 4.12 0.56 7.3 2014 (Central) 29.13 1.35 21.6 2021 1.19 0.23 5.3 2024 5.28 0.74 7.1 2024 0.75 0.39 1.9 2024 75.79 5.71 13.3 2024 0.2 0.25 0.8 2024 1.19 0.46 2.6 2024 3.75 1.41 2.7 2022 6.74 2.59 2.6 2024 3.5 0.34 10.3 2021 1.08 1.05 1.0 2022 3.11 2.29 1.4 2024 5.6 0.98 5.7 2024 39.16 6.09 6.4 2024 4.0 1.46 2.7 2024 1.52 1.54 1.0 2022 1.02 0.32 3.1 2024 1.07 0.77 1.4 2024 4.31 1.4 3.1 2009 3.94 1.41 2.8 2024 46.4 5.55 8.4 2024 0.0 1.81 0.0 2019 2.65 1.46 1.8 2024 8.66 2.64 3.3 2024 3.58 1.51 2.4 2024 0.0 43.14 0.0 2018 2.85 0.47 6.1 2024 6.67 1.15 5.8 2022 16.48 6.18 2.7 2021 0.84 0.48 1.7 2024 1.81 1.12 1.6 2022 9.86 1.76 5.6 2023 24.4 6.53 3.7 2023 2.03 0.53 3.8 2024 0.64 0.76 0.8 2024 0.16 0.1 1.5 2023 2.54 0.26 9.7 2024 23.34 2.13 11.0 2024 12.03 1.71 7.0 2024 13.13 3.99 3.3 2021 7.48 1.16 6.4 2024 0.91 0.44 2.0 2024 1.05 0.46 2.3 2024 28.63 3.26 8.8 2024 0.0 0.98 0.0 2022 1.61 0.66 2.4 2024 13.8 2.64 5.2 2024 2.29 1.33 1.7 2009 111.49 12.29 9.1 2024 91.73 8.1 11.3 2024 11.43 0.97 11.7 2018 0.85 0.21 4.1 2023 1.28 0.54 2.4 2024 24.17 5.06 4.8 2022 0.13 0.21 0.6 2024 1.15 0.89 1.3 2024 0.94 0.47 2.0 2024 76.15 12.33 6.2 2024 0.49 0.49 1.0 2024 1.01 0.46 2.2 2024 4.54 2.15 2.1 2022 6.31 2.2 2.9 2024 1.29 0.44 3.0 2024 0.5 0.51 1.0 2024 1.65 0.46 3.6 2023 1.61 0.2 8.0 2020 4.95 1.68 2.9 2024 3.91 1.84 2.1 2020 77.81 6.03 12.9 2024 7.53 1.9 4.0 2020 1.64 0.41 4.0 2015 3.73 1.1 3.4 2024 14.93 2.81 5.3 2024 10.82 1.9 5.7 2021 0.69 0.21 3.3 2023 100.12 3.68 27.2 2012 8.94 2.55 3.5 2023 20.46 2.64 7.8 2024 1.74 1.05 1.6 2021 0.0 0.68 0.0 2020 90.07 5.12 17.6 2023
See also Crime statistics Gender differences in suicide Health survival paradox Life expectancy#Sex differences List of countries by life expectancy Sentencing disparity Sex differences in crime
References