Gamba is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Enrico Gamba (1831–1883), Italian painter Ezio Gamba (1958), Italian-Russian judoka and judo coach Fran Gamba, 18th century Slovenian politician Francesco Gamba (1818–1887), Italian painter, mainly of seascapes Giuseppe Gamba (1857–1929), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and an Archbishop of Turin Irene M. Gamba (born 1957), Argentine mathematician Lucas Gamba (born 1987), Argentine footballer Marina Gamba (1570–1612), mother of Galileo Galilei's illegitimate children Matteo Gamba (born 1979), Italian rally driver Paolo Ettore Gamba, Italian engineer Piero Gamba (1936–2022), Italian orchestral conductor and pianist Rumon Gamba (born 1972), English conductor Sandro Gamba (born 1932), Italian basketball coach and player Vincenzo Gamba (1606–1649), Italian musician, son of Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba Virginia Gamba (born 1954), Argentine diplomat