Tsvetayev or Tsvetaev () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Tsvetayeva or Tsvetaeva. Notable people with the surname include:
Ivan Tsvetaev (1847–1913), Russian art historian, archaeologist and Classical philologist Marina Tsvetaeva (1892–1941), Russian poet Anastasia Tsvetayeva (1894—1993), Russian writer and poet Vyacheslav Tsvetayev (1893–1950), Soviet general and Hero of the Soviet Union.