Karavayev or Karavaev () is a Russian masculine surname, with the feminine counterpart being Karavayeva or Karavaeva. It may refer to:
Dmitry Kuzmin-Karavayev (1886–1959), Russian revolutionary Irina Karavayeva (born 1975), Russian trampolinist Oleksandr Karavayev (born 1992), Ukrainian football midfielder Oleg Karavayev (1936–1978), Soviet wrestler Valeriya Karavayeva (born 1993), Kazakhstani handball player Vladimir Kuzmin-Karavayev (1859–1928), Russian legal scholar and politician, father or Dmitry Vyacheslav Karavayev (born 1995), Russian football player