Giant is a 1956 American epic drama film directed by George Stevens, from a screenplay adapted by Fred Guiol and Ivan Moffat from Edna Ferber's 1952 novel. The film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean; and features Carroll Baker, Jane Withers, Chill Wills, Mercedes McCambridge, Dennis Hopper, Sal Mineo, Rod Taylor, Elsa Cárdenas, and Earl Holliman.
Giant was the last of Dean's three films as a leading actor, and earned him his second and final Academy Award nomination – he was killed in a car crash before the film was released. His friend Nick Adams was called in to do some voice dubbing for Dean's role.
In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".
Plot
In the mid-1920s, wealthy Texas rancher Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr. travels to Maryland to purchase a prized stallion and meets socialite Leslie Lynnton. The two marry and return to the Benedict family's expansive cattle ranch, Reata, in Texas. Upon arrival, Leslie clashes with Bick's strong-willed sister, Luz, who resents her presence and tries to maintain control over the household. Leslie gradually discovers the deeply rooted patriarchal norms and racial hierarchies in Texas society, particularly the systemic discrimination against the region's Hispanic population. After escorting Leslie on a tour of the ranch, Jett Rink, a ranch hand infatuated with Leslie, points out the harsh living conditions of the Hispanic workers at the rundown village of Biendecito, where the Mexican laborers at Bick's ranch live in poverty. Leslie urges Bick to improve their circumstances. Her efforts include arranging medical care for Ángel Obregón II, the infant son of one of the workers, though Bick is initially reluctant to allow their family doctor to treat non-white patients.
Luz is killed after being thrown from Leslie's horse, War Winds. In her will, she bequeaths a small parcel of land to Jett, angering Bick. Jett declines Bick's offer to purchase the property and names it "Little Reata." Leslie and Bick have twins, Jordan III ("Jordy") and Judy, followed by a daughter, Luz II. Marital tensions lead Leslie to take the children to her parents in Maryland for an extended stay. Bick follows, and the couple reconciles and returns to Texas. Meanwhile, Jett works his land and eventually strikes oil. With his newfound wealth, he attempts to persuade Bick to permit oil drilling on Reata, but Bick refuses, determined to preserve the ranch's cattle legacy.
By 1941, the Benedict children have grown, and new tensions emerge. Bick expects Jordy to take over the ranch, but Jordy wishes to become a doctor. Leslie wants Judy to attend finishing school in Switzerland, though Judy aspires to study animal husbandry at Texas Tech. Each child successfully convinces one parent to support their goals.
At the family's Christmas gathering shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Bick offers Judy's husband, Bob Dace, a postwar position on the ranch, which he declines in favor of building an independent life with Judy. Realizing his children are unlikely to continue the family ranching tradition, Bick finally agrees to allow oil drilling on Reata. Jordy later marries Juana, a collaborator of the Hispanic doctor who had treated Ángel Obregón II as a child. The family grows wealthier, but Ángel is killed in the war.
Jett, now a powerful oilman, hosts a lavish event at his Emperador hotel for the grand opening of The Jett Rink Airport at the fictional city of Hermoso and invites the Benedicts. A flirtation between Jett and Luz II ends after she rejects his awkward marriage proposal. Jett becomes intoxicated and orders that Hispanics not be served at his hotel, resulting in Juana being ignored at the beauty salon. When Jordy confronts Jett, he is assaulted and removed from the premises. Bick challenges Jett but, recognizing his inebriated state, refrains from physical retaliation. Jett later collapses during an attempt to deliver a speech at the event. Luz II overhears his lament over his long-unrequited love for Leslie and departs, visibly affected.
The next day, while driving home, the Benedicts stop at a diner where the owner, Sarge, insults Juana and her and Jordy's young son. When Sarge attempts to eject a Hispanic family, Bick intervenes and engages in a fight, ultimately being knocked unconscious. Back at Reata, he reflects on his perceived failure to uphold the family legacy. Leslie reassures him, stating that his actions at the diner made him her hero and that their legacy is embodied in their two grandsons—one white and one Hispanic.
Cast
Production Writing The character of Jordan Benedict II and the depiction of the Reata Ranch in Giant were inspired by Robert "Bob" J. Kleberg Jr. (1896–1974) and the King Ranch, located in Kingsville, Texas. Similar to the fictional Reata—which spans over half a million acres—the King Ranch encompasses approximately 825,000 acres (3,340 km2; 1,289 sq mi) and extends across six Texas counties, including the majority of Kleberg County and a significant portion of Kenedy County. Historically, the King Ranch operated primarily as a livestock enterprise before the discovery of oil on the property.
The character of Jett Rink was partially based on Glenn McCarthy (1907–1988), a flamboyant Texas wildcatter whose rags-to-riches rise to wealth and notoriety helped shape the character. Author Edna Ferber met McCarthy while staying at his Shamrock Hotel in Houston, Texas, an encounter that contributed to the creation of the fictional Emperador Hotel featured in both the novel and its film adaptation.
The late Ivan Moffat who co-wrote the script with George Stevens remembered how he and the director labored over the job. Moffat told Martin Pitts of American Legends website: "Stevens attended every story conference. He paid more attention than any director I worked with. And most of the writing was done at George's house on Riverside Drive. We spent a lot of time making tea in the morning to avoid getting down to work. We took our time. We started the script in March 1954 and did not finish until December."
Casting
Australian actor Rod Taylor was cast in one of his early Hollywood film roles after being noticed in an episode of Studio 57 titled "The Black Sheep's Daughter".Stephen Vagg, Rod Taylor: An Australian in Hollywood, Bear Manor Media, 2010 p49
Director George Stevens offered Rock Hudson a choice between Elizabeth Taylor and Grace Kelly for the role of Leslie; Hudson selected Taylor.
Stevens, known for his meticulous approach to filmmaking, spent an entire year editing the film.Perry, p. 200. Following the death of James Dean late in production, actor Nick Adams was brought in to overdub several of Dean's lines as Jett Rink, which were deemed nearly inaudible during post-production.Perry, p. 201.
Filming
The film begins with Jordan "Bick" Benedict, played by Hudson, arriving at Ardmore, Maryland, to purchase a stallion from the Lynnton family. The first part of the picture was actually shot in Albemarle County, Virginia, and used the Keswick, Virginia, railroad station as the Ardmore railway depot. Much of the subsequent film, depicting "Reata", the Benedict ranch, was shot in and around the town of Marfa, Texas, and the remote, dry plains found nearby, with interiors filmed at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California. The "Jett Rink Day" parade and airport festivities were filmed at the Burbank Airport.
Don Graham, a scholar of Texas literature, film, and popular culture, writes that Elizabeth Taylor and Rock Hudson did not interact with the townspeople of Marfa. He quotes a citizen, Marcos Peña, who worked as a porter at the El Paisano Hotel, where the cast stayed during filming, as saying that Dean was the friendliest of the film's stars and shot pool with the locals in the hotel's basement.
Music The Oscar-nominated musical score was by Russian-born composer and conductor Dimitri Tiomkin, who conducted the Warner Brothers Studio Orchestra.
Themes The movie is an epic portrayal of a powerful Texas ranching family challenged by changing times and the coming of big oil. A major subplot concerns the racism of many Anglo-European Americans in Texas during the mid-twentieth century, and the discriminatory social segregation enforced against Mexican Americans. In the first third of the film, Bick and Luz treat the Mexicans who work on their ranch condescendingly, which upsets the more socially conscious Leslie. Bick eventually comes to realize his moral shortcomings – in a climactic scene at a roadside diner he loses a fistfight to the racist owner, but earns Leslie's respect for defending the human rights of his brown-skinned daughter-in-law and grandson. Another subplot involves Leslie's own striving for women's equal rights as she defies the patriarchal social order, asserting herself and expressing her own opinions when the men talk. She protests being expected to suppress her beliefs in deference to Bick's; this conflict leads to their temporary separation.
Giant is Edna Ferber's third novel dealing with racism; the first was Show Boat (1926), which was adapted into the legendary Broadway musical Show Boat (1927); her second was Cimarron (1929), which was adapted to film twice, in 1931 and 1960.. Ferber's Giant was a blockbuster, selling 52 million books by 1956.Chris Gray, "Everything you've always wanted to know about ‘Giant’" Houston Chronicle, April 12, 2018.
Release Giant premiered in New York City on October 10, 1956, with the local DuMont station, WABD, televising the arrival of cast and crew, as well as other celebrities and studio chief Jack L. Warner. The picture was released to nationwide distribution on November 24, 1956.
Capitol Records, which had issued some of Dimitri Tiomkin's music from the soundtrack (with the composer conducting the Warner Brothers studio orchestra) on an LP, later digitally remastered the tracks and issued them on CD, including two tracks conducted by Ray Heindorf. Both versions used a monaural blend of the multi-channel soundtrack recording.
Home media The film was released on DVD on June 10, 2003. The DVD includes more than three hours of documentaries. The out of print Blu-ray was released on November 5, 2013, as part of the James Dean Ultimate Collector's Edition set, and as an individual DigiBook release followed by a non-DigiBook Blu-ray on March 11, 2014. Those releases contained three discs including two DVDs with all the extras from the 2004 release. The full length George Stevens: A Filmmaker's Journey documentary is also included on one of the DVD discs. The manufacture-on-demand 4K Ultra HD release of the film released on June 21, 2022, through Studio Distribution Services.
Reception
, Giant holds an 86% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The critical consensus reads, "Giant earns its imposing name with a towering narrative supported by striking cinematography, big ideas, and powerful work from a trio of legendary Hollywood leads." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Giant won praise from both critics and the public, and according to the Texan author Larry McMurtry, was especially popular with Texans, even though it was sharply critical of Texan society. Bosley Crowther of the New York Times wrote that "George Stevens takes three hours and seventeen minutes to put his story across. That's a heap of time to go on about Texas, but Mr. Stevens has made a heap of film." He continued to write that "Giant, for all its complexity, is a strong contender for the year's top-film award."