Möng Yang (; ; ; ), also known as Mohnyin, was a Shan state in what is today Myanmar (Burma). It was centered around the modern town of Mohnyin in present-day Kachin State, outside of the modern Shan State.
History
In Chinese records, Möng Yang first emerges in 1295 as Yunyuan (雲遠), when a Tribal Command was set up in the area by the Yuan dynasty. From the 1370s to 1390s, Burmese and Chinese records indicate that the state, then under the control of Möng Mao, made several incursions into the Kingdom of Ava and the Shan state of Kale (centered around the modern-day town of Kalay). In 1399, Möng Yang became independent from Möng Mao, and in 1402 it was regarded as a prefecture, then in 1404 as a pacification commission, by the Ming dynasty. From 1406, Ava also gained a degree of control over Möng Yang and appointed a Burmese prince, Mohnyin Thado, to rule the area. Burmese inscriptions and chronicles suggest or claim that Möng Yang was under Ava's control until the 1470s, though this control was likely only intermittent and nominal.
From the 1470s onward, Möng Yang entered a period of expansion at the expense of its neighbours, making incursions into the Ava kingdom, the Kabaw Valley, Bhamo, Kale, and possibly even making attempts to invade parts of Assam.
From 1524, the ruler of Möng Yang, Sawlon, invaded the Kingdom of Ava and succeeded in the conquest of the kingdom, placing his son Thohanbwa on the Avan throne in 1527.
During this Shan rule over Ava, the Burmese chronicles refer to the existence of a confederation of Shan states. Historical sources are not clear about when or how this alliance or confederation arose, but by 1543 the Burmese chronicle indicates the cooperation between the states of Möng Yang, Möng Mit, Bhamo, Hsipaw, Möng Nai, Yawnghwe, and Kale (modern Kalay).
In 1532, Sawlon marched on his erstwhile ally, the Prome Kingdom, feeling that Prome had not provided sufficient support in their war against Ava. On his journey back to Möng Yang, a dispute between two factions arose in the Shan ruling elite, and Sawlon was assassinated by his own ministers.
The Shans neglected to intervene in the first four years of Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1535–1541) in Lower Burma. The saophas sent a force to relieve Prome from a new invasion only in 1539, and were ultimately unable to hold Prome against another Toungoo attack in 1542.
In 1543, the Burmese ministers assassinated Thohanbwa and placed Hkonmaing, the saopha of Hsipaw, on the Ava throne. Möng Yang leaders, led by Sithu Kyawhtin, had to grudgingly agree to Hkonmaing's leadership in light of the Toungoo threat. The confederation's bickering resumed in full force after failed invasions leading to Toungoo forces taking Bagan in 1544 and Hkonmaing's death in 1546. Sithu Kyawhtin set up a rival fiefdom in Sagaing across the river from Ava and finally drove out Mobye Narapati in 1552.
The weakened confederation proved no match for Bayinnaung's Toungoo forces. Bayinnaung captured Ava in 1555 and conquered all of the Shan States in a series of military campaigns from 1556 to 1557. A record of the conquest of Möng Yang in 1557 is mentioned in a bell inscription relating the conquests of King Bayinnaung.U Thaw Kaung, Accounts of King Bayinnaung's Life and Hanthawady Hsinbyu-myashin Ayedawbon, a Record of his Campaigns
Beginning with its subjugation by King Bayinnaung, the state was gradually integrated into the central Burmese administration, though still retaining its own native dynasty. Eventually, during the reign of Alaungpaya or possibly even as late as the end of the 18th century, native rule by Shan sawbwas in Möng Yang was permanently abolished in favour of centrally appointed Burmese governors.
Rulers
Saophas
+#RulersBeginEndDetails1Hkun Hpa6056422nd son of Hkun Lu2Hkun Hkam Ton Wun642658Son of Hkun Hpa3Hso Waing Hpa658680Son of Hkun Hkam Ton Wun4Hso Parn Möng680703Son of Hso Waing Hpa5Hso Hkong Hkam703733Son of Hso Parn Möng6Hso Yawt Hpa733750Son of Hso Hkong Hkam7Hseng Hkam Hpa750780Son of Hso Yawt Hpa8Hseng Yawk Hpa780803Son of Hseng Hkam Hpa9Ai Sang Hkwan Hpa803846Son of Hseng Yawk Hpa10Ai Mo Sang Hkam846889Son of Ai Sang Hkwan Hpa11Kang Kyaung Hpa889904Son of Ai Mo Sang Hkam12Ai Hseng Kam Kyai904940Son of Kang Kyaung Hpa13Hso Kyan Hpa940964Son of Ai Hseng Kam Kyai14Hso Yap Hpa9641001Son of Hso Kyan Hpa15Hso Yawk Hpa10011016Son of Hso Yap Hpa16Hso Young Hpa10161036Son of Hso Yawk Hpa17Hso Srang Hpa10361045Younger Brother of Hso Young Hpa18Hso Ngam Hpa10451066Nephew of Hso Srang Hpa younger bro19Hso Ngom Hpa10661084Son of Srang20Hso Hom Hpa10841112Son of Ngam21Hso Hon Hpa11121133Son of Hom22Hso Gam Hpa11331150Son of Hom23Hso Pong Hpa11501175Son of Hso Gam Hpa son of24Hso Dang Hpa - (Ai Moe Kang Hkam)11751199Son of Hso Pong Hpa25Hso Haw Hpa11991234Son of Hso Dang Hpa26Hso Hing Hpa12341246Son of Hso Haw Hpa27Hso Kyaw Hpa12461268Son of Hso Hing Hpa28Hso Poi Hpa12681290Son of Hso Kyaw Hpa29Hso Kawn Hpa12901311Son of Hso Poi Hpa30Hso Aown Hpa13111333Son of Hso Kawn Hpa31Sam Long Hpa - (ᥔᥣᥛᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ [Huan Sam Hnaung], ᥓᥝᥲ ᥔᥣᥛᥴ ᥖᥣ [Sao Sam Ta])1333135032Hso Han Hpa13501358Son of Kyan Long Hpa33Sao Hkun Law1358136834Sao Pu Rieng1368137235Sao Dyert Hpa1372138136Sao Aung Myat1381138437Hkun Dern Hpa1384139338Sao Hong Hpa1393140439Sao Ping Hpa1404141440Hso Kyaung Hpa14141430Son of Sao Ping Hpa41Hso Ngan Hpa14301442Son of Hso Kyaung Hpa42Hso Chi Hpa - (ᥔᥫᥴ ᥐᥤ ᥜᥣᥳ)14421449Son of Hso Ngan Hpa. Died 145443Hso Lui Hpa — 1st time14491451Son of Hso Chi Hpa44Hso Bou Hpa1451146145Hso Hong Hpa - (ᥔᥫᥴ ᥞᥨᥛᥲ ᥜᥣᥳ)14611480——14801486No details43Hso Lui Hpa — 2nd time14861519Son of Hso Chi Hpa46Sawlon I (Hso Long Hpa, also Hso Kyeng Hpa, Hso Lun Hpa, Hso Yiam Hpa)15191533Son of Hso Lui Hpa. Born 2 April 148647Sao Sui Kiao15331547Son of Hso Long Hpa48Hso Hkuan Hpa15471564Younger brother of Sao Sui Kiao49Hso Hkoe Hpa15641580Son of Hso Sui Kiao50Hso Wei Hpa - (Hso Yi Hpa, Hso Kyoen Hpa)15801586Son of Hso Khuan Hpa51Hso Yoen Hpa15861591Son of Hso Hkoe Hpa52Hso Hueng Hpa15911604Son of Hso Yoen Hpa53Hso Kwang Hpa16041636Son of Hso Hueng Hpa—Nang Chu Paw16361652Mahadewi of Hso Kwang Hpa. Regent instead her son was too young54Sao Yawt Chai16521674Son of Hso Kwang Hpa55Hso Hkowt Hpa16741697Son of Sao Yawt Chai56Hso Soet Hpa16971713Son of Hso Hkowt Hpa57Hso Suek Hpa17131726Son of Hso Soet Hpa58Thao Möng Han17261738Son of Hso Suek Hpa 59Thao Yawt Hkam17381753Son of Thao Möng Han60Hkun Kyaw Hpa17531773Son of Thao Yawt Hkam61Sai Hkam Paw Maing17731793Son of Hkun Kyaw Hpa62Ai Hso Hi Hkaing17931805Son of Sai Hkam Paw Maing63Thao Oob Sai Hkaw18051816Son of Ai Hso Hi Hkaing64Thao Ka Le18161845Son of Thao Oob Sai Hkaw65Thao Yawt Sai Hkaw18451876Son of Thao Ka Le66Sao Yawt Sang Poi18761924Son of Thao Yawt Sai Hkaw67Thao Hlaing Gan Chai19241934Younger brother of Sao Yawt Sang Poi68Sao Hpo Rieng19341940Son of Thao Hlaing Gan Chai. Killed by Japanese troop.69Ai Hseng Khaing Möng19401946Younger brother of Sao Hpo Rieng. Take the poison and death. The Last Saopha.
Myowuns Under the Konbaung dynasty the area of the former state was administered by a Viceroy called a Myowun, who was appointed by the king and possessed civil, judicial, fiscal and military powers. 1853–18?? Nemyo Minhtin Themanta Yaza (Six Myowuns – Mohnyin, Kawng Ton, Shwegu, Moe Ta, Yin khia, Kat )
References Citations
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External links