The Stenopodidea or boxer shrimps are a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with Caridea shrimp or Dendrobranchiata prawns, they are neither, belonging to their own group.
Anatomy They can be differentiated from the Dendrobranchiata prawns by their lack of branching gills, and by the fact that they brood their eggs instead of directly releasing them into the water. They differ from the Caridea shrimp by their greatly enlarged third pair of legs.
Taxonomy Stenopodidea belongs to the order Decapoda, and is most closely related to the Caridea and Procarididea infraorders of shrimp. The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's relationships to other relatives within Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.
There are 71 extant species currently recognized within Stenopodidea, divided into 12 genera. Three fossil species are also recognized, each belonging to a separate genus. The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis from the Devonian. Until D. pennsylvaniensis was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was Jilinicaris chinensis from the Late Cretaceous.
The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's internal relationships:
Stenopodidea comprises the following families and genera:
†Dubiostenopus Alencar et al. 2023
Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006 Macromaxillocaris Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006 Spongicolidae Schram, 1986 Engystenopus Alcock & Anderson, 1894 Globospongicola Komai & Saito, 2006 †Jilinicaris Schram, Shen, Vonk & Taylor, 2000 Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 Paraspongicola De Saint Laurent & Cléva, 1981 Spongicola De Haan, 1844 Spongicoloides Hansen, 1908 Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973 Stenopodidae Claus, 1872 †Devonostenopus Jones et al., 2014 Juxtastenopus Goy, 2010 Odontozona Holthuis, 1946 †Phoenice Garassino, 2001 Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 Stenopus Latreille, 1819
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