The was the European-style men's civil uniform introduced in Japan in 1940 during World War II."A crash course in wartime Japanese terminology for foreign demons", Japan Times A similar-looking uniform was earlier introduced in Manchuria and was known as or .山下幸生『花も嵐も わが一代記』（文芸社）117ページ。(Yamashita Koki, "Flowers and Storms - My Life Story", Bungeisha, 2001, ISBN 4835509358)
Its similarity to a military uniform was allegedly one of the reasons for the large number of killed Japanese civilians when the Soviet army attacked in 1945,中山隆志 『一九四五年夏 最後の日ソ戦』 中央公論新社〈中公文庫〉、2001年。 (Takashi Nakayama, "Last day of summer 1945 Soviet war", Chuko Bunko, 2001, ) see, e.g., Soviet assault on Maoka.
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