The Match of the Century () is the unofficial name of a rugby union Test match played between Wales and New Zealand at Cardiff Arms Park on 16 December 1905 in front of a crowd of 47,000. The game was billed as the "Match of the Century" or "The World Championship" as it was a first meeting of the top two international teams.

The match was part of New Zealand's "Originals" tour and was their only loss in 35 matches. The result provoked much debate, with later writers noting its impact on the sporting culture of both countries. The Welsh crowd's singing of Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau as a response to the All Blacks' Haka is often cited as the first time a national anthem was sung before an international sports event.

Background

By the time the tour arrived in Wales, the All Blacks had not conceded a single point in their last 600 minutes of rugby. They had played 27 matches on the tour so far, scoring 801 points and conceding just 22. They had also won all three of the preceding international matches, two without conceding any points (12–7 against Scotland, 15–0 against Ireland and 15–0 against England).McCarthy (1968), p. 46.

Wales were also unbeaten that year (defeating England 25–0, Scotland 6–3 and Ireland 10–3 in winning the Home Nations Championship) and had not lost a home international since 1899. As such, many commentators in New Zealand and the UK saw the match as the best chance of stopping an All Blacks clean sweep, and billed the game as the "Match of the Century" or "The World Championship Match" long before the tour had begun.Elliott (2012), pp. 177–178.Vincent (1998), p. 124.

The All Blacks played Yorkshire, at Headingley Rugby Stadium on 13 December, winning the game convincingly 40–0. The team then travelled to Wales by train on 15 December, arriving at Cardiff station in the late evening. Despite the hour, the visitors received a raucous welcome, a large crowd (estimated at 20,000) had gathered inside the station and along the neighbouring streets to welcome the much celebrated All Blacks to Wales, this prevented the players from getting to their hotel with police having to force a path through the crowd.

Welsh preparations

As early as October, the Welsh Match Committee had been observing the All Blacks tour. On 19 October, the committee travelled to Gloucester and witness the tourists defeating one of the best club sides in England 44–0. It is thought that the scale and manner of this All Blacks victory encouraged the Welsh observers to develop new tactics that could match the tourists' unorthodox style.

The first of two trials was held on 20 November, with "The Probables" adopting the forward formation that the New Zealanders had been seen using throughout the tour (with seven packed forwards rather than the traditional eight). However, the team were beaten 18–9 by "The Possibles" team who continued to use the traditional eight formation. Despite this setback, the selectors persisted with the new formation, and "The Probables" convincingly won a second trial match, 33–11.

On 7 December, Dicky Owen took change of another training session where he devised and practiced the move that would result in the match's only try. A final training session on 12 December was dedicated to drop kicking and more pertinently, perfecting their new formation and scrum technique.

Away from the pitch, there were also discussions on a possible response to the Haka. The selector Tom Williams suggested that an appropriately Welsh response to such a cultural challenge would be with singing, and that they should sing the Welsh anthem, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau.Smith (1980), pg 153. Williams' proposal became a matter of national discourse, with the Western Mail publishing numerous articles encouraging Welsh supporters to join the players once the Haka had been completed. Despite the popularity of the suggestion, there was no official plan for a response, and it remained unclear if the crowd would respond at all.

Match Day

Although Wales had long been considered the toughest test for the All Blacks, many in the London press did not see how Wales could win. This view gained momentum as the All Blacks toured England, beating the best English sides by a growing margin. By the day of the Wales match, many English commentators had written off Wales' chances completely.

For the All Blacks, the test match was their 28th game in three months. Changes were made to the starting XV, with conflicting post-tour reports suggesting players were rested, injured or ill. Billy Stead was reportedly unable to play due an illness, and was asked to run the line for the match instead. Terry McLean later stated his belief that Stead's illness had a crucial impact on the result, with Stead unable to officiate properly (McLean states he left the side line to find a toilet), George Nicholson was left to run the line in his place. McLean and others felt that had Stead been in position, he would have been able to get to the Deans incident earlier and confirm his try was legitimate. G. W. Smith would not play any part in the match despite being one of the tourists' most celebrated athletes, and he was seen by many as the All Blacks' most attacking three-quarter of the whole tour.

It had been known for some time that the match would be a major event and additional trains were laid on for the travelling spectators. Large queues formed before the Arms Park gates were opened at 11am and the large turnout meant that the gates had to be shut again by 1.30pm as the ground was already full. Many of those locked outside of the ground climbed trees or found other vantage points in order to glimpse the match. Enterprising Cardiff taxi drivers parked their vehicles outside the ground and charged fans for the privilege of standing on top of their cabs to get a better view into the grounds.

Haka

New Zealand had performed the Haka before all tour matches but the war dance was often met with indifference or open hostility. The Haka was better received by both the Welsh players and Welsh public. Local journalists had sought information on the ritual from the New Zealand players themselves, with the South Wales Echo even publishing a full transcript and translation of what it called the Te Rauparaha (Ka Mate) Haka.

At around 2.20pm, as the Welsh regiment's 2nd Battalion Band played Men of Harlech the All Blacks emerged onto the pitch, with the Welsh following shortly after. Contemporary sources, including the testimonies of the New Zealanders themselves noted that the band, crowd and the Welsh team were all respectfully silent for the Haka itself, accepting the challenge.

The national anthem

As the Haka concluded, Teddy Morgan led an immediate response by stepping forward and singing Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau in the direction of the New Zealanders. Morgan encouraged his teammates to join him and the team's anthem was soon accompanied by the entire crowd, unaccompanied by the regimental band.

The singing of Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau is the first recorded instance of a national anthem being sung before an international sporting fixture. At this time national anthems were not associated with sport, especially in Europe. Throughout the British Empire, anthems were associated with the royalty and reserved for formal state occasions.

Witnesses to this event (including the New Zealand players and London press) all note the impact of the anthem on both teams, the crowd and on themselves. Match reports, player interviews and memoirs would all cite the anthem as a factor in the Welsh victory, for decades to come. Welsh crowds, who had already been singing the anthem at cultural events such as Eisteddfods, would now sing the anthem at rugby matches and other sporting occasions. Soon, the singing of national anthems would become a formal part of proceedings in a variety of sports and eventually, a standard practice across the world.Harris (1997), pg 39.

First half

Hodges kicked off for Wales and the early play was noted as very tough. There were few opportunities until Seeling made a break for New Zealand, this was brought down by the Welsh defence and the first scrum was called.

The All Blacks adopted their usual formation of seven packed forwards and expected the Welsh to use the traditional system of eight. However, Wales not only formed their scrum with seven men but they packed with four men in the front row. This meant whichever side New Zealand tried to gain the loose-head advantage, Wales had a man outside. As the front rows engaged, and the attacking side of the scrum became obvious, the surplus Welsh player on the other side would then retreat into the back row.

Wales were the only team with any real scoring chances early on. Percy Bush made a failed attempt at a drop goal, but the best chance ended when an awkward pass from Jack Williams was dropped by Willie Llewellyn yards from the try line.

Accounts of the match are unanimous in reporting how unusually poor New Zealand were in the first half, and that they conceded an abundance of penalties in the opening fifteen minutes. One reporter stated that the normally free-scoring All Blacks did not get any play inside the Welsh 25 yard line until the very moment before half-time.

The Try

A scrum was called and Dicky Owen saw a chance to call the move he had devised in training. As Wales won the ball, Owen ran it down the blindside, with the backline of Bush, Nicholls & Llewellyn following him in support. This initial move drew Gallaher, Hunter and most of the New Zealand backs in that direction. Owen then switched the play, throwing a long pass back to the openside, with Cliff Pritchard having to take the ball at his feet. The long pass gave Pritchard time to draw the covering tackle of Deans before passing to Gabe who similarly drew Duncan McGregor. Finally Gabe passed to Morgan who sprinted more than twenty metres past the covering full-back Gillett to touch down in the left corner on 23 minutes. Wales failed to kick the conversion and this was the only score of the match and the first time that the All Blacks had conceded without first scoring themselves.

Second half

There is general agreement that New Zealand gave a much better account of themselves in the second half, although the Welsh scrum would remain in the ascendancy and poor kicking continued to be an issue for the All blacks. Both teams had scoring opportunities, but the All Blacks had most of the attacking play. Billy Wallace did cross the try line, but was called back having run into touch and a forward pass from Deans prevented an inevitable try for McGregor. The All Blacks also had a series of scrums on the Welsh goal line, but were kept from scoring by a strong Welsh defence. However, the closest opportunity came for the All Blacks when three-quarter Bob Deans was brought down inches from the line.

Deans incident

Billy Wallace gathered the ball from a Welsh kick and ran forward with Bob Deans following him in support. Willie Llewellyn tackled Wallace, but not before he passed the ball inside to Deans who then sprinted thirty yards for the line. All the contemporary reports agreed that both Teddy Morgan and Rhys Gabe brought Deans down at or near the try line (with Morgan later saying that the "honour" of making the tackle was Gabe's) but the heavy mist made it unclear to spectators if the tackle had stopped the try.

There are conflicting reports on whether the referee, John Dallas was late to the incident. Dallas would always refute this, stating that he arrived in time to clearly see the incident and estimated that Deans had been 6 to 12 inches short of scoring. Gabe would continually state that Deans was "inches short", despite struggling forward after the tackle, Percy Bush also stated that he saw Deans was short and made a double movement (illegal in the game at that time) to try and score the try.