Canini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Angelo Canini (1521–1527), Italian grammarian Giovanni Angelo Canini (1617–1666), Italian painter and engraver Manuel Canini (born 1993), Italian footballer Marcantonio Canini (1622–1669), Italian painter and sculptor Michele Canini (born 1985), Italian footballer Renato Canini (1936–2013), Brazilian illustrator