This is a list of political entities in the 19th century AD (i.e. 1801–1900). It includes both sovereign states, self-declared unrecognized states, and any political predecessors of current sovereign states.
Political entities Flag Name Capital(s) Type Existed Region Today part of Kingdom of Bailundo Kingdom 1700–1904 Africa: Central Angola Portuguese Angola Luanda Colony of Portugal1575–1975 Africa: Central Angola Kingdom of Kongo São Salvador Kingdom/client 1390–1914 Africa: Central Angola Kakonda Kingdom 1720–present Africa: Central Angola Kasanje Kingdom Not specifiedKingdom 1620–1910 Africa: Central Angola Kingdom of Matamba Kingdom 1631–1810 Africa: Central Angola Mbunda Kingdom Lumbala N'guimbo Kingdom 1500–1917 Africa: Central Angola Mbwila Vassal state 1550–1820 Africa: Central Angola Kingdom of Ndongo Kingdom 1515–1909 Africa: Central Angola Oukwanyama Kingdom 1600–present Africa: Central Angola Viye Kingdom 1700s–present Africa: Central Angola Bandjoun Kingdom 1552–present Africa: Central Cameroon Duala Kingdom Kingdom 16th century-present Africa: Central Cameroon Kingdom of Bamum Kingdom 1394–1923 Africa: Central Cameroon Bangassou Sultanate Sultanate 18th century–present Africa: Central Cameroon Kotoko kingdom Kingdom Africa: Central Cameroon Mandara Kingdom Kingdom 1500–present Africa: Central Cameroon Mankon Kingdom 1187–present Africa: Central Cameroon Ngoyo Kingdom 15th century–1885 Africa: Central Cameroon Kamerun YaoundéColony of Germany 1884–1916 Africa: Central Cameroon Dar al Kuti Sultanate 1830–1911 Africa: Central Central African Republic Rabih's EmpireEmpire 1894–1900 Africa: Central Chad Sultanate of Bagirmi Massenya, CheknaSultanate 1522–1897 Africa: Central Chad French Chad Fort LamyColony of France 1900–1960 Africa: Central Chad Wadai Empire AbéchéEmpire 1635–1908 Africa: Central Chad Comancheria Empire c. 18th century – 1860s Americas: North AmericaUnited States Congo Free State BomaKingdom 1885–1908 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Kuba Kingdom Not specifiedKingdom c.1600–19th century Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Kakongo KingueleKingdom 15th century–1885 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Kingdom of Luba MwibeleKingdom 1585–1889 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Kingdom of Lunda Not specifiedKingdom c.1665–1887 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Mwene Muji Mushie Kingdom 1400–1900 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Nsonso Kingdom Kingdom 16th–19th century Africa: Central Democratic Republic of Congo Yeke Kingdom Bunkeya Kingdom 1856–1891 Africa: Central Democratic Republic of the Congo Kingdom of Orungu Kingdom c.1700–1927 Africa: Central Gabon Anziku Kingdom Kingdom 17th century–1875 Africa: Central Republic of the Congo French Congo Colony of France1882–1910 Africa: Central Republic of the Congo Kingdom of Loango Kingdom c.1550–c.1883 Africa: Central Republic of the Congo Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe Colony of Portugal 1470–1975 Africa: Central São Tomé and Príncipe Kazembe chiefdom Chiefdom 1740–1904 Africa: Central Zambia Sultans of the Comoros Sultanate 15th century–c.1912 Africa: East Comoros Merina Kingdom Antananarivo Kingdom 1540–1897 Africa: East Madagascar Boina Kingdom Boina bay Kingdom 1690–1840 Africa: East Madagascar Guingemaro ? Kingdom 1600–1900 Africa: East Madagascar Medri Bahri Debarwa Kingdom 1137–1890 Africa: East, Horn Eritrea Sultanate of Aussa Asaita Sultanate 1734–1902 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Ethiopian Empire Addis Ababa Empire 1137–1935; 1942–1974 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Garo Kingdom 1567–1883 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Gera Kingdom 1835–1887 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Gomma Kingdom c.1780–1886 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Gumma Kingdom c.1770–1902 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Hadiya Ge Governor 14th century–1850 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Emirate of Harar Ge Emirate 1647–1887 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Janjero Kingdom 15th century–1894 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Jimma Kingdom 1790–1932 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Kaffa Kingdom c.1390–1897 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Kingdom 1801–1891 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Welayta Kingdom c.1250–1894 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia Kingdom of Yamma Kingdom 15th century–1894 Africa: East, Horn Ethiopia British Somaliland HargeisaColony, British 1884–1940; 1941–1960 Africa: East, Horn Somaliland Gadabuursi Ughazate Sultanate 1575/1607–1884 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Sultanate of the Geledi Sultanate Late 17th century–1911 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Habr Yunis Sultanate Kingdom 1769–1907 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Hiraab Imamate Kingdom Early 17th century–1889 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Sultanate of Hobyo Sultanate 1878–1926 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Majeerteen Sultanate Sultanate c.1600–1924 Africa: East, Horn Somalia Isaaq Sultanate Hargeisa Sultanate ~1750s–1884 Africa: East, Horn Somaliland Kingdom of Burundi Kingdom 1680–1966 Africa: East, Lakes Burundi Wanga Kingdom 16th century–1926 Africa: East, Lakes Kenya Wituland 1858–1885 Africa: East, Lakes Kenya Bukunzi Kingdom 1730–1925 Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Kingdom of Rwanda Kingdom 11th century–1962 Africa: East, Lakes Rwanda Shilluk Kingdom Fashoda Kingdom c.1490–1865 Africa: East, Lakes South Sudan Chagga states Kingdom 1600–1963 Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Kingdom of Karagwe Kingdom 1450–1963 Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Kilindi dynasty Kingdom 1730–2000 Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Ugweno Kingdom 14th–19th century Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Sultanate of Zanzibar Sultanate 1856–1964 Africa: East, Lakes Tanzania Ankole Kingdom late 15th century–1967 Africa: East, Lakes Uganda Buganda Kampala Kingdom early 14th century–1967 Africa: East, Lakes Uganda Bunyoro Kingdom 16th century–1967 Africa: East, Lakes Uganda Empire of Kitara Kingdom 1300–1500 Africa: East, Lakes Uganda Kooki Kingdom late 1740–1896 Africa: East, Lakes Uganda Khedivate of Egypt Khedivate 1867–1914 Africa: Northeast Egypt Funj Sultanate Sultanate 1504–1821 Africa: Northeast Sudan Mahdist State Islamic state 1885–1889 Africa: Northeast Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Colony, British/Egyptian 1899–1956 Africa: Northeast Sudan Sultanate of Darfur Sultanate 1603–1874; 1898–1916 Africa: Northeast Sudan Taqali Kingdom 1750–1969 Africa: Northeast Sudan Emirate of Abdelkader Emirate 1832–1837 Africa: Northwest Algeria Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom 1510–1872 Africa: Northwest Algeria French Algeria Colony, French 1830–1962 Africa: Northwest Algeria Regency of Algiers Algiers De-facto independent Stratocracy 1516–1830 Africa: Northwest Algeria Sultanate of Tuggurt Sultanate 1516–1830 Africa: Northwest Algeria Fezzan Sultanate Sultanate 1550–1812 Africa: Northwest Libya Sultanate of Morocco FesSultanate 1668–1912 Africa: Northwest Morocco Spanish Sahara Territory, Spanish 1884–1975 Africa: Northwest Western Sahara Bechuanaland Protectorate Protectorate 1885–1966 Africa: South Botswana Malete Kingdom Protectorate 1780–present Africa: South Botswana Basutoland 1884–1966 Africa: South Lesotho Maravi Late 15th century–1870 Africa: South Malawi Gaza Empire Empire 1824–1895 Africa: South Mozambique Portuguese Mozambique Colony, Portuguese 1498–1975 Africa: South Mozambique Angoche Sultanate Angoche, Moma Sultanate 1485–1910 Africa: South Mozambique German South West Africa Colony, German 1884–1915 Africa: South NamibiaOdonga Kingdom Kingdom 1650–present Africa: South Namibia Kaapstad Colony, Dutch Africa: South South Africa Hlubi kingdom Kingdom 1300–present Africa: South South Africa Mthethwa Paramountcy Empire c.1780–1817 Africa: South South Africa Ndwandwe Empire c.1780–1825 Africa: South South Africa Colony of Natal Colony, British 1843–1910 Africa: South South Africa Nieuwe Republiek Republiek 1884–1888 Africa: South South Africa → Cape Colony Cape Town Colony, British 1795–1910 Africa: South South Africa Orange Free State 1854–1902 Africa: South South Africa → → South African Republic Republic 1856–1877; 1881–1902; 1914–1915 Africa: South South Africa Transvaal Colony Colony, British 1877–1881; 1902–1910 Africa: South South Africa Xhosa Kingdom Kingdom 14th century–1890 Africa: South South Africa Zulu Kingdom Kingdom 1816–1897 Africa: South South Africa Kingdom of Eswatini 1745–1906; 1968–present Africa: South Swaziland Barotseland 17th century–1900 Africa: South Zambia Maungwe 1635–1896 Africa: South Zimbabwe Mthwakazi 1830s–1889 Africa: South Zimbabwe Rozvi Empire Empire 1660–1866 Africa: South Zimbabwe Company rule in Rhodesia by the British South Africa Company Company rule 1890–1924 Africa: South Zimbabwe Dahomey Kingdom c.1600–1904 Africa: West Benin Savalou Kingdom 1557–1894 Africa: West Benin Kingdom of Whydah Kingdom 1580–1817 Africa: West Benin Mossi Kingdoms Kingdoms 11th century–1896 Africa: West Burkina Faso Gwiriko Kingdoms 1714–1897 Africa: West Burkina Faso Portuguese Cape Verde Colony, Portuguese 1462–1975 Africa: West Cape Verde Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu) Ngazargamu Empire 1380–1893 Africa: West Chad Gambia Colony and Protectorate Colony, British 1821–1965 Africa: West Gambia Kombo Kingdom 1281–1875 Africa: West Gambia Niumi Kingdom 1680–1897 Africa: West Gambia Ahanta kingdom 1350–1838 Africa: West Ghana Akropong Kingdom1733–1880 Africa: West Ghana Akyem-Abuakwa Kingdom1500–present Africa: West Ghana Akyem Kotoku Kingdom1400–present Africa: West Ghana Anlo Kingdom1468–presenr Africa: West Ghana Aowin Kingdom1500–1840 Africa: West Ghana Asebu Kingdom1500–1820 Africa: West Ghana Kingdom of Ashanti Empire 1670–1902; 1935–1957 Africa: West Ghana Kingdom of Dagbon Kingdom15th century–presenr Africa: West Ghana Nkran kingdom 1510–present Africa: West Ghana Gyaaman 1450–1895 Africa: West Ghana Fante Confederacy Confederation 1868–1874 Africa: West Ghana Mankessim Kingdom Kingdom1252–1844 Africa: West Ghana Kingdom of Wala Kingdom1317–1894 Africa: West Ghana Zabarma Emirate Emirate1860–1897 Africa: West Ghana Portuguese Guinea Colony, Portuguese 1474–1974 Africa: West Guinea Imamate of Futa Jallon Imamate 1725–1896 Africa: West Guinea Wassoulou Empire Empire 1878–1898 Africa: West Guinea Baté Empire Empire until 1879 Africa: West Guinea Assinie-Mafia Kingdom 1600–1907 Africa: West Ivory Coast Kabadougou Kingdom Kingdom 1848–1980 Africa: West Ivory Coast Kong Empire Empire 1710–1898 Africa: West Ivory Coast Kingdom of Sanwi Kingdom 1740–present Africa: West Ivory Coast Republic of Maryland Republic 1854–1857 Africa: West Liberia Liberia Republic 1847–present Africa: West Liberia Kingdom of Diarra Kingdom 1076–1860 Africa: West Mali Gajaaga Kingdom 950–1850 Africa: West Mali Kaabu Kingdom 1537–1867 Africa: West Mali Kénédougou Kingdom Kingdom c.1650–1898 Africa: West Mali Khasso Kingdom 17th century–1880 Africa: West Mali Bamana Empire Empire 1712–1861 Africa: West Mali Kaarta 1753–1890 Africa: West Mali Pashalik of Timbuktu 1591–1833 Africa: West Mali Toucouleur Empire Empire 1848–1893 Africa: West Mali Massina Empire Empire c.1818–1862 Africa: West Mali Emirate of Trarza Emirate 1480–present Africa: West Mauritania Sultanate of Damagaram Sultanate 1731–1851 Africa: West Niger Dendi Kingdom: Askiya dynasty Kingdom 1591–1901 Africa: West Niger Dosso Kingdom Kingdom 1750–present Africa: West Niger Emirate of Say Emirate 1825–1894 Africa: West Niger Téra Kingdom 1600–1885 Africa: West Niger Agbon Kingdom Kingdom 1400–present Africa: West Nigeria Akure Kingdom Kingdom 1150–present Africa: West Nigeria Akwamu Kingdom 1505–present Africa: West Nigeria Atakpa Kingdom 1786–present Africa: West Nigeria Aro Confederacy Confederation 1690–1902 Africa: West Nigeria Kingdom of Bonny Kingdom 1759–present Africa: West Nigeria Bono state Kingdom 11th–20th century Africa: West Nigeria Dassa Kingdom 1660–present Africa: West Nigeria Edem Kingdom 1200–1893 Africa: West Nigeria Egbaland Kingdom Kingdom 17th century–present Africa: West Nigeria Ek