Burtsev () is a Russian male surname. Its feminine counterpart is Burtseva. Notable people with the surname include:
Fyodor Burtsev (1923–2003), Soviet test pilot Mikhail Burtsev (1956–2015), Russian fencer Roman Burtsev (1971–2023), Russian serial killer and pedophile Vladimir Burtsev (1862–1942), Russian revolutionary activist, scholar, publisher, and editor