This tree lists various manufacturing processes arranged by similarity of function.
Casting
Bellfounding Centrifugal casting (industrial) Continuous casting Die casting Evaporative-pattern casting Full-mold casting Lost-foam casting Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) Countergravity casting Lost-foam casting Low pressure die casting Permanent mold casting Plastic mold casting Resin casting Sand casting Shell molding Slush casting, Slurry casting Vacuum molding
Data from Fundamentals of modern manufacturing
Labeling and painting Main articles: and Coating Laser engraving Inkjet printing Chemical vapor deposition Sputter deposition Plating Thermal spraying
Moulding
Powder metallurgy Compaction plus sintering Hot isostatic pressing Metal injection moulding Spray forming Plastics (see also Rapid prototyping) Injection Compression molding Transfer Extrusion Blow molding Dip moulding Rotational molding Thermoforming Laminating Expandable bead Foam Vacuum plug assist Pressure plug assist Matched mould Shrink wrapping
Forming
End tube forming Tube beading Forging Smith Hammer forge Drop forge Press Impact (see also Extrusion) Upset No draft High-energy-rate Cored Incremental Powder Rolling (Thick plate and sheet metal) Cold rolling Hot rolling Sheet metal Shape Ring Transverse Cryorolling Orbital Cross-rolling Thread Screw thread Thread rolling Extrusion Impact extrusion Pressing Embossing Stretch forming Blanking (see drawing below) Drawing (manufacturing) (pulling sheet metal, wire, bar, or tube Bulging Necking Nosing Deep drawing (sinks, auto body) Bending Hemming Shearing Blanking and piercing Trimming Shaving Notching Perforating Nibbling Dinking Lancing Cutoff Stamping Metal Leather Progressive Coining Straight shearing Slitting Other Redrawing Ironing Flattening Swaging Spinning Peening Guerin process Wheelon process Magnetic pulse Explosive forming Electroforming Staking Seaming Flanging Straightening Decambering Cold sizing Hubbing Hot metal gas forming Curling (metalworking) Hydroforming
Machining
Mills Grist mill Hammer mill Ball mill Buhrstone mill Disc mill Saw mill Steel mill Blast furnace Smelting Refining Reduction mill Annealing Pickling Passivate Coating Milling Turning Lathe Facing Boring (also Single pass bore finishing) Spinning (flow turning) Knurling Hard turning Cutoff (parting) Drilling Friction drilling Reaming Countersinking Tapping Sawing Filing Broaching Shaping Horizontal Vertical Special purpose Planing Double housing Open-side Edge or plate Pit-type Abrasive jet machining Water jet cutting Photochemical machining Abrasive belt Honing (Sharpening) Electro-chemical grinding Finishing & industrial finishing Abrasive blasting (sand blasting) Buffing Burnishing Electroplating Electropolishing Magnetic field-assisted finishing Etching Linishing Mass finishing Tumbling (barrel finishing) Spindle finishing Vibratory finishing Plating Polishing Superfinishing Wire brushing Routing Hobbing Ultrasonic machining Electrical discharge Electrical discharge machining (EDM) Electron beam machining Electrochemical machining Chemical Photochemical Laser cutting Laser drilling Grinding High stock removal Gashing Biomachining Skiving (metalworking)
Joining
Welding Arc Manual metal Shielded metal Gas metal Pulsed Short circuit Electrogas Spray transfer Gas tungsten Flux-cored Submerged Plasma arc Carbon arc Stud Electroslag Atomic hydrogen Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas) Impregnated tape Regulated Metal Deposition Oxyfuel gas Oxy-acetylene gas Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP) Air-acetylene Oxyhydrogen Pressure gas CO2 Resistance Butt welding Flash butt welding Shot welding Spot welding Projection welding Seam Upset welding Percussion (manufacturing) Solid state welding Ultrasonic Explosive Diffusion Hot press Isostatic hot gas Vacuum furnace Friction welding Inertia Forge Cold Roll Electron beam welding Laser welding Thermite Induction Low frequency (50–450 Hz) High frequency (induction resistance; 200–450 kHz) Others Heated metal plate Solvent Dielectric Magnetic pulse welding Radio frequency welding High frequency resistance Electromagnetic Flow Resistance Infrared Vacuum Hot-air-welding Brazing Torch Induction brazing Furnace Dip Soldering Iron Hot plate Oven Induction Dip Wave Ultrasonic Sintering Adhesive bonding (incomplete) Thermo-setting and thermoplastic Epoxy Modified epoxy Phenolics Polyurethane Adhesive alloys Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes Fastening wood and metal Nailing Screwing (By material fastened) Machine (Metal) Wood Screws (By slot type) Phillips ("Plus sign" in Canada) Straight ("Minus sign" in Canada) (By shape) Round head Flat head Box head Hex Lag Nut and bolts Riveting Clinching Pinning Cotter Groove Tapered Roll Retaining rings Quick release skewer Stitching Stapling Press fitting
Additive manufacturing 3D printing Direct metal laser sintering Filament winding, produces composite pipes, tanks, etc. Fused deposition modeling Inkjet Printing Laminated object manufacturing Laser engineered net shaping Layered manufacturing Rapid Induction Printing Screen printing Selective laser sintering Spark plasma sintering Stereolithography
Other
Mining Quarrying Blasting Crushing Chemical manufacturing Petroleum refining Assembly line Printed circuit board manufacturing Semiconductor fabrication Packaging and labeling Logistics Woodworking Joinery (see also Joining, above) Lapping Mortising Routing (see above) Biscuit joiner Vulcanization Heat treating Bake-out
See also List of manufacturing occupations Worker–machine activity chart
References