Gusii language

The Gusii language (also known as Ekegusii) is a Bantu language spoken in Kisii and Nyamira counties in Nyanza Province, Kenya, whose headquarters is Kisii Town (between the Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria and the border with Tanzania). It is spoken natively by 2.2 million people (as of 2009), mostly among the Abagusii. Ekegusii has only two dialects: The Rogoro (upper-side) and Maate (lower-side) dialects. Phonologically, they differ in the articulation of /t/. Most of the variations existing between the two dialects are lexical. The two dialects can refer to the same object or thing using different terms. An example of this is the word for cat. While one dialect calls a cat ekemoni, the other calls it ekebusi (a word that comes from the sound used to call a cat in Gusii culture). Another illustrating example can be found in the word for sandals. While the Rogoro word for sandals is chisiripasi (a loanword from the English word "slippers"), the Maate dialect word is chitaratara ( "tara" -"walk". Possibly from the sound made by sandals when one walks while wearing them). Many more lexical differences manifest in the language. The Maate dialect is spoken in Tabaka and Bogirango. Most of the other regions use the Rogoro dialect, which is also the standard dialect of Ekegusii.

Phonology

Vowels Gusii has seven vowels. Vowel length is contrastive, i.e. the words 'bóra' to miss and 'bóóra' to say are distinguished by vowel length only.

+ Phonetic inventory of vowels in Gusii FrontCentralBackClosei uClose-mide oOpen-midɛ ɔOpen a

Consonants In the table below, orthographic symbols are included between brackets if they differ from the IPA symbols. Note especially the use of ‘y’ for IPA , common in African orthographies. When symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.

+Phonemic inventory of consonants in Gusii labial alveolar palatal velar plosive t k affricate tʃ fricative β s ɣ nasal m n ɲ ŋ tap ɾ approximant w j

+Phonetic inventory of consonants in Gusii labial alveolar palatal velar plosive p b t d k ɡ affricate tʃ fricative β s ɣ nasal m n ɲ ŋ tap ɾ approximant w j

The following morphophonological alternations occur: n+r = n+b = n+g = n+k = n+c = n+s = n+m =

The Gusii language has the consonant 'b' not realized as the bilabial stop as in 'bat' but as bilabial fricative as in words like baba, baminto, abana.

Orthography Ekegusii alphabet (Kenya)Rhonda L. Hartell, ed. 1993. The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and Summer Institute of Linguistics Gusii letters A B C D E Ë G H I K M N O Ö R S T U W Y ei ie io oi - - - - - Multigraphs Mb Bw Mbw Ch Nch Chw Nchw Nd Ndw Ng Gw Ngw Ng' Ng'w Ny Nyw Nk Kw Nkw Mw Nw Rw Ns Sw Nsw Nt Tw Ntw Yw

Grammar

Noun classes Gusii Noun Classes with examplesClassSingularGlossPluralGloss1omo-abaomontoperson/humanabantopeople/humans2omo-emeomotweheademetwehead3e-cheng'ombecowchiombecows4ege-ebiegekombecupebikombecups5ri-amaritundafruitamatundafruits6o-oobwobacowardnessobwobacowardness7e-eekegusiiekegusii ----------- -----------8ama-amaamaberemilkamaberemilk9omo-i-sekeomoisekegirl aba-i-sekegirls10 -------------- ------------

Numbers

Gusii Numeral SystemNumber ReadingMeaningNumberReadingMeaning1eyemo111ikomi nemo10+12ibere212ikomi na ibere10+23isato313ikomi na isato10+34inye414ikomi na inye10+45isano515ikomi na isano10+56isano nemo5+116ikomi na isano nemo10+5+17 isano na ibere5+217ikomi na isano na ibere10+5+28isano na isato5+318ikomi na isano na isato10+5+39kianda919ikomi na kianda10+910ikomi1020emerongo ebere20

Sample phrases English EkegusiiGood MorningBwakire buyaGood nightObotuko obuyaHeadomotwe EarogotoWateramacheeveningmogorobagrandfathersokoroto knowkomanyato milkgokamadonkeyetigere/ebundaEarthenseDwellmenyaHomelandinkaTodayreroSunrisase/omobasoDogeseseStand-tenenaKnow-manyaSee-roraUpperside/HillsiderogoroLake/SeaenyanchaDeserteroroFighteromorwaniRoll Over-garagaraMilkamabereShe goatesibeniCowdungesikeLadyomosubatiHarvest (verb/noun)gesa/rigesaCryrera WalktaraLookRigereriaTomorrowmambia

Bibliography

Bickmore, Lee 1997. Problems in constraining High tone spread in Ekegusii. Lingua, vol. 102, pp. 265–290. 1998. Metathesis and Dahl’s Law in Ekegusii. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, vol. 28:2, pp. 149–168. 1999. High Tone Spreading in Ekegusii Revisited: An Optimality Theoretic Account. Lingua, vol. 109, pp. 109–153.

Cammenga, Jelle 2002 Phonology and morphology of Ekegusii: a Bantu language of Kenya. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.

Mreta, Abel Y. 2008. Kisimbiti: Msamiati wa Kisimbiti-Kiingereza-Kiswahili na Kiingereza-Kisimbiti-Kiswahili / Simbiti-English-Swahili and English-Simbiti-Swahili Lexicon. Languages of Tanzania Project, LOT Publications Lexicon Series 7, 106 pp., .

Nash, Carlos M.

2011. Tone in Ekegusii: A Description of Nominal And Verbal Tonology. University of California, Santa Barbara.

Nyauncho, Osinde K.

1988. Ekegusii morphophonology: an analysis of the major consonantal processes. University of Nairobi.

Whiteley, Wilfred H. 1956 A practical introduction to Gusii. Dar es Salaam/Nairobi/Kampala: East African Literature Bureau. Available Here 1960 The tense system of Gusii. Kampala: East African Institute of Social Research. 1974 Language in Kenya. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.

Omonyi, Moses Mark. 2020 Local languages-Ekegusii. Kibabii University

Gusii language

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