Ichinomiya

is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated , , , and so forth.Encyclopedia of Shinto, Ichi no miya; retrieved 2013-5-14.

The term gave rise to modern place names, such as the city of Ichinomiya, Aichi, named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province.

Overview The term "Ichinomiya" literally means "first shrine" and is popularly regarded as the highest ranking shrine in each province. The second ranking shrine is referred to as the "Ninomiya" and third ranking shrine as "Sannomiya", and so on. However, there is no documentary material stipulating on how the shrines in each province are to be ranked, or even when this ranking system was created. As a general rule, all shrines designated "Ichinomiya" are of ancient origin and are listed in the Engishiki records completed in 927AD.

However, the shrine selected is not necessarily the largest, or oldest, in that province, and is not necessarily one of the "Myojin Taisha", which are regarded as the most important shrines. Rather, per the Ritsuryō legal and administrative system established in the Nara period, kokushi were appointed as imperial governors of each province. When the kokushi travelled from Heian-kyo to his local seat at the provincial capital, the first shrine he called upon officially in his province was the "ichinomiya".

As the purpose of this visit was to announce to the local kami of his appointment to office, it was important that this shrine be dedicated to important local deities and to be located close to the provincial capital. Even after the collapse of the Ritsuryō system by the Kamakura period, the ichinomiya continued to enjoy a certain prestige, and often after all vestiges of the provincial capital had fallen into ruins and its exact location lost, the term "Ichinomiya" was often preserved as a place name.

Tachibana Mitsuyoshi, a noted Shinto scholar in the early Edo Period, visited ichinomiya nationwide for 23 years starting 1675, and wrote the record of his travels in a 13 volume account. This began the popularization of pilgrimages by the common populace to these shrines. Under State Shinto, the ichinomiya were not accorded any special status. Many were accorded high ranks under the Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines.

Rivalry While there can be only one "first shrine" in each province, several provinces have various rival candidates for the title. This has arisen for various reasons: relocation of the provincial capital can result in a new ichinomiya being appointed. In some cases, the merger of two provinces can result in two ichinomiya for the new province. In other cases, due to the ambiguity in the criteria for ichinomiya designation and due to conflicting ancient records, rival claimants have arisen.

Shrines Region Province Shrine LocationShrine ranking Name KanjiEngishikiModernBeppyo? Kinai Yamashiro Kamo Shrine Kyoto, KyotoMyojin TaishaKanpei TaishaYes Yamato Ōmiwa Shrine Sakurai, NaraMyojin TaishaKanpei TaishaYes Kawachi Hiraoka Shrine Higashiosaka, OsakaMyojin TaishaKanpei TaishaYes Izumi Ōtori taisha Sakai, OsakaMyojin TaishaKanpei TaishaYes Settsu Sumiyoshi-taisha Osaka, OsakaMyojin TaishaKanpei TaishaYes Tōkaidō Iga Aekuni Shrine Iga, Mie Ise Tsubaki Grand Shrine Suzuka, Mie Tsubaki Shrine / Nakato Shrine Suzuka, MieNo Shima Izawa-no-miya Shima, MieNo Izawa Shrine Toba, Mie Owari Masumida Shrine Ichinomiya, Aichi Mikawa Toga Shrine Toyokawa, Aichi Tōtōmi Kotonomama Hachiman-gū Kakegawa, ShizuokaNo Oguni Shrine Shūchi-gun, Shizuoka Suruga Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Izu Mishima Taisha Mishima, Shizuoka Kai Ichinomiya Asama Shrine (Fuefuki) Fuefuki, Yamanashi Ichinomiya Sengen Shrine Ichikawamisato, YamanashiNo Sagami Samukawa Shrine Kōza-gun, Kanagawa Musashi Hikawa Shrine Ōmiya-ku, Saitama Ono Shrine Tama, TokyoNo Awa Awa Shrine Tateyama, Chiba Susaki Shrine Tateyama, ChibaNo Kazusa Tamasaki Shrine Ichinomiya, Chōsei-gun, Chiba Shimōsa Katori Jingū Katori, Chiba Hitachi Kashima Jingū Kashima, Ibaraki Tōsandō Ōmi Takebe taisha Ōtsu, Shiga Mino Nangū Taisha Fuwa-gun, Gifu Hida Minashi Shrine Takayama, Gifu Shinano Suwa-taisha Suwa, Nagano Kōzuke Nukisaki Shrine Tomioka, Gunma Shimotsuke Futarasan Shrine Nikkō, Tochigi Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine Utsunomiya, TochigiNo Mutsu Tsutsukowake Shrine Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Shiogama Shrine Shiogama, Miyagi Dewa Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine Akumi-gun, Yamagata Hokurikudō Wakasa Wakasahiko Shrine Obama, Fukui Echizen Kehi Shrine Tsuruga, Fukui Kaga Shirayama Hime Shrine Hakusan, Ishikawa Noto Keta Taisha Hakui, Ishikawa Etchū Takase Shrine Nanto, ToyamaFormerly Keta Shrine Takaoka, ToyamaNo Oyama Shrine Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama Imizu Shrine Takaoka, Toyama Echigo Yahiko Shrine Nishikanbara-gun, Niigata Kota Shrine Jōetsu, NiigataNo Amatsu Shrine Itoigawa, NiigataNo Sado Watatsu Shrine Sado, Niigata San'indō Tamba Izumo-daijingū Kameoka, KyōtoFormerly Tango Kono Shrine Miyazu, Kyōto Tajima Izushi Shrine Toyooka, Hyōgo Awaga Shrine Asago, HyōgoNo Inaba Ube shrine Tottori, Tottori Hōki Shitori Shrine Tottori Izumo Izumo-taisha Izumo, Shimane Iwami Mononobe Shrine Ōda, Shimane Oki Mizuwakasu Shrine Oki-gun, ShimaneYes Oki-gun, ShimaneNo San'yōdō Harima Iwa Shrine Shisō, Hyōgo Mimasaka Nakayama Shrine Tsuyama, Okayama Bizen Kibitsuhiko Shrine Okayama, Okayama Bitchū Kibitsu Shrine Okayama, Okayama Bingo Kibitsu Shrine Fukuyama, Hiroshima Aki Itsukushima Shrine Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Suō Tamanooya Shrine Hōfu, YamaguchiNo Nagato Sumiyoshi Shrine Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Nankaidō Kii Hinokuma Jingū Wakayama, Wakayama Niutsuhime Shrine Katsuragi, Wakayama Itakiso Shrine Wakayama, Wakayama Awaji Izanagi Jingū Awaji, Hyōgo Awa Ōasahiko Shrine Naruto, Tokushima Ichinomiya Shrine Tokushima, TokushimaNo Sanuki Tamura Shrine Takamatsu, Kagawa Iyo Ōyamazumi Shrine Imabari, Ehime Tosa Tosa Shrine Kōchi, Kōchi Saikaidō Chikuzen Sumiyoshi Shrine Fukuoka, Fukuoka Hakozaki Shrine Fukuoka, Fukuoka Chikugo Kōra taisha Kurume, Fukuoka Buzen Usa Jingū Usa, Ōita Bungo Sasamuta Shrine Ōita, Ōita Yusuhara Hachiman-gū Ōita, Ōita Hizen Saga, SagaNo Chikuri Hachiman-gū Miyaki, Saga Higo Aso Shrine Aso, Kumamoto Hyūga Tsuno Shrine Tsuno, Miyazaki Ōsumi Kagoshima Shrine Kirishima, Kagoshima Satsuma Hirakiki Shrine Ibusuki, Kagoshima Nitta Shrine Satasumasendai, Kagoshima Iki Iki, NagasakiNo Tsushima Kaijin Shrine Tsushima, Nagasaki

Ninomiya RegionProvinceShrineLocationShrine rankingNameKanjiEngishikiModernBeppyo?KinaiIzumiTōkaidōIseTado TaishaOwariŌagata ShrineYesMikawaTōtōmiSurugaIzuKaiSagamiMusashiKanasana ShrineKazusaShimōsaHitachiTōsandōŌmiHiyoshi TaishaYesMinoShinanoKōzukeMutsuIsasumi ShrineDewaHokurikudōEchizenKagaNotoSan'indōHōkiŌgamiyama ShrineIzumoSada ShrineSan'yōdōAkiHayatani ShrineNankaidōAwajiSaikaidōHigo

Sannomiya RegionProvinceShrineLocationShrine rankingNameKanjiEngishikiModernBeppyo?KinaiIzumiTōkaidōOwariAtsuta JinguYesMikawaSurugaIzuKaiSagamiHitachiTōsandōŌmiTaga-taishaYesMinoKōzukeShimotsukeDewaHokurikudōEchigoSan'indōTajimaSan'yōdōSuōSaikaidōHizen

Shinomiya

Chichibu Shrine - Musashi Province - Mikawa Province - Kai Province, also Soja shrine of the province - Sagami Province - Izumi Province

Gonomiya

- Izumi Province - Kōzuke Province

Ichinomiya

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