Events from the year 1638 in France.
Incumbents Monarch: Louis XIII
Events March 3 – Battle of Rheinfelden: A mercenary army under Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, fighting for France, defeats Imperial forces. March 5 – Thirty Years' War: The Treaty of Hamburg is signed between France and Sweden by Cardinal Richelieu of France and representatives of Queen Christina of Sweden. December 18 – Cardinal Mazarin becomes premier adviser to Cardinal Richelieu on the death of François Leclerc du Tremblay (Père Joseph).
Births January 1 – Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières, poet (d. 1694) May 11 – Guy-Crescent Fagon, physician and botanist (d. 1718) June 8 – Pierre Magnol, botanist (d. 1715) July 11 – Olympia Mancini, courtier (d. 1708) August 6 – Nicolas Malebranche, philosopher (d. 1715) September 5 – Louis XIV, son of the incumbent king (d. 1715)
Deaths February 26 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, mathematician (b. 1581) April 13 – Henri, Duke of Rohan, Huguenot leader (b. 1579) December 17 – François Leclerc du Tremblay, friar and political adviser (b. 1577)
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