Hallingmål-Valdris (also known by the individual names Halling, Hallingdøl, or Valdresmål) is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts of Hallingdal in Buskerud county and Valdres in Innlandet county.
Phonology Consonants is usually realized as a prestopped nasal , while the allophone only occurs in words like baren () "the bar". also has a prestopped realization . The phoneme which is commonly called thick L (written in IPA), exists in words that had either or in Old Norse. In Vang Municipality, occurs only in the first case. The consonant clusters , , and were not pronounced as , only was. Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality pronounces as , while Gulsvik pronounces it as . The consonant clusters and were mostly assimilated to . Hol Municipality and Ål Municipality assimilated these to , and Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality assimilated to . The clusters , and are pronounced as spelled. The Old Norse cluster is pronounced as assimilated or .
Vowels The back vowels and in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, respectively, and that is found in most other Norwegian dialects. The short Old Norse vowels and are pronounced as central almost everywhere, except for Ål Municipality (but not Torpo), where these are back . In Valdres (except for Vang Municipality), the schwa can also be realized as . Traditionally, were pronounced as open-mid . The words pronounced and mean "I" and "am", respectively. Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal (Flå Municipality, Nesbyen Municipality and some in Gol Municipality), making the vowel to be unrounded to . The Old Norse diphthongs , and are traditionally pronounced as , ( in southern Hallingdal) and . This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol Municipality, and Ål Municipality.
Grammar +Declension of nouns Gender Singular Plural Indefinite Definite Dative Indefinite Definite Dative Feminine Strong(with i-declension) , Strong(with a-decl.) Weak(with u-decl.) Masculine Strong(with a-decl.) Strong(with i-decl.) , Weak(with a-decl.) Neutrum Strong Weak , ,
+Personal pronouns Person Subjectivecase Objectivecase Dativecase Possessive Feminine Masculine Neuter Subj./Obj. Dative Subj./Obj. Dative Subj./Obj. Dative Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. 1st p. sg. 2nd person sg. 3rd p. sg. f. , , , (), 3rd p. sg. m. , , , 3rd p. sg. n. 1st p. pl. , , , 2nd p. pl. , , , , 3rd p. pl , ,
See also
Bygdemål
Citations
Notes
References
Literature