The Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU or Muslims Unity Force) was an informal Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal, jointly with Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) before 9th Malaysian General Election in 1990. KIMMA left the coalition before the 10th Malaysian General Election.
APU along with the Gagasan Rakyat opposition coalitions led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah after failures in the 1990 and 1995 general elections. After the 1995 election, relationship between PAS and Semangat 46 detotriated due to lack of respect of PAS towards Semangat 46 and differing views on Kelantan state leadership. On 5 May 1996, Razaleigh announced the union no longer exist and were subsequently formally disbanded in October after Razaleigh decided to dissolve Semangat 46 to return and rejoin back UMNO.
Component parties Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia, PAS) Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46, S46) Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia, BERJASA) Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia, HAMIM) Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia, KIMMA)
List of leaders Chairmen No.Name(Birth–Death) PortraitTerm of officeTime in officePolitical party 1Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah(b.1937) 1 February 19905 May 1996Semangat 46
Elected representatives Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–95) Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–99)
Government offices
State governments
Kelantan (1990–1996)
Note: bold as Menteri Besar/Chief Minister, italic as junior partner
General election results Election Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader1990 159 1,218,211 21.8% 14 seats; Opposition coalition Fadzil Noor1995 171 1,046,687 17.6% 7 seats; Opposition coalition Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah
State election results State election State Legislative Assembly Perlis State Legislative Assembly Kedah State Legislative Assembly Kelantan State Legislative Assembly Terengganu State Legislative Assembly Penang State Legislative Assembly Perak State Legislative Assembly Pahang State Legislative Assembly Selangor State Legislative Assembly Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly Malacca State Legislative Assembly Johor State Legislative Assembly Total won / Total contested 19901995
References