This is a list of wars and conflicts involving Burundi and its previous states.
List ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultHead of StateLosses Martyazo Rebellion(1972) Martyazo Victory Start of the First Burundian Genocide. 800–1200 Burundian Civil WarBurundi also got involved in the Second Congo War as the conflict spread into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but played a minor role compared to the other countries that fought the Congolese government; namely, Uganda and Rwanda.(1993–2005) Armed forces Guardians of the Peace "Abajeunes" Supported by:RPF (Rwanda)
International peacekeepers: AMIB (2003–04) ONUB (from 2004) Ethnic Hutu rebels: CNDD-FDD PALIPEHUTU-FNL FROLINA Hutu militias and youth gangs: Inziraguhemuka Intagoheka "Chicago Bulls" ALiRFDLRMai-MaiSupported by: (until 1996) DR Congo (2000s)
Supported by:RPF (Rwanda) Arusha Accords (2000) 300,000 First Congo War(1996-1997) AFDL SPLASupported by: (covertly)
Mai-Mai FAZ White Legion Ex-FAR/ALiR Interahamwe CNDD-FDD UNITA ADF FLNC LRAUNRF II Supported by: (denied)
Mai-Mai AFDL victory Overthrow of the Mobutu regime Zaire renamed back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Installation of Laurent-Désiré Kabila as president Beginning of Second Congo War Unknown Kivu Conflict(2004–) Pro-government:
Wazalendo (March 2024–) NDC-R
MONUSCO
(against FNL and FNL–Nzabampema) Supported by:
Horațiu Potra's Mercenary Legion (until 31 Jan 2025) Rwandan-aligned militias: CNDP M23 Banyamulenge Twigwaneho Gumino Ugandan-aligned militias: FPRI FPLC FPDC Foreign state actors:
Anti-Ugandan forces: IS-CAP ADF-Baluku ADF-Mukulu Mai-Mai Kyandenga UPLC Anti-Rwandan militias: FDLR RUD-Urunana Other Hutu-aligned forces Nyatura Anti-Burundi militias: RED-Tabara FNL
Mai-Mai militias: NDC-R (until March 2024) FPP-AP AFRC RNL Mazembe Kifuafua Simba MAC
Buhirwa Kidjangala Fuliru Mai-Mai Makanaki Biloze Bishambuke CNPSC Alaise CODECO (in Ituri) Chini ya Kilima–FPIC (in Ituri) Zaïre-FPAC (in Ituri) Ongoing FARDC victory against the CNDP in 2009 and the M23 movement in 2012 CNDP becomes a political party in the DRC M23 movement signs peace agreement with the DRC government; renews fighting in 2022 Conflict breaks out between Rwanda and the Congo in 2022 FDLR, Mai-Mai militias and other armed groups still active in Eastern DRC UN and FARDC begin operation to defeat the FDLR and their allies at the start of 2015 Unknown Somali Civil War(2007–) 2007–2009:
Allied armed groups: ARPCT ASWJ
UNPOS
2009–present:
Somali Armed Forces
Non-combat support:
EUTM Somalia
UNTMIS (2025–present) UNSOA (2009–2016) UNSOS (2016–present) Independent regional forces2007–2009:Insurgency: Al-Shabaab ICU loyalists Hizbul Islam Ras Kamboni Brigades Jabhatul Islamiya Muaskar Anole ARS
2006–2009:
2009–present: Al-Qaeda and allies
AQAP AQIM
Hizbul Islam (until 2010; 2012–2013) Alleged state allies:Multiple sources:
Multiple sources:
Quds ForceMultiple sources:
Multiple sources:
Alleged non-state allies: HouthisMultiple sources:
UN sources:
Somali pirates
(since 2015) Somalia Wilayah Allies IS-YP Somali pirates
2009–present:
Somaliland Armed Forces SSB Ongoing Conflict between radical Islamists and the government continues New government formed in 2012 Las Anod conflict between Somaliland and SSC-Khatumo begins in 2023 Ongoing constitutional crisis in Somalia since 2023 Unknown
Notes
References
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