This is a list of the queen consorts of the major kingdoms that existed in present-day Myanmar. Those with the rank of Nan Mibaya (senior queens) are listed.

Primer Rankings of consorts

Prior to the Konbaung period (1752–1885), the consorts of the Burmese monarchs were organized in three general tiers: Nan Mibaya (နန်းမိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Palace", senior queen), Mibaya (Nge) (မိဖုရား (ငယ်), "(Junior) Queen"), and Ko-lone-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, concubine).(Than Tun 1964: 129): The Pagan period (849–1297) term for Nan Mibaya was Pyinthe (ပြင်သည်), and the term Usaukpan (ဦးဆောက်ပန်း) also meant the chief queen. (Harvey 1925: 327): Usaukpan was an Old Burmese direct translation of Pali Vatamsaka, an artificial flower of silver or gold used as a hair ornament. Starting in the late 18th century, the Konbaung kings inserted the tiers of Hsaungdaw Mibaya (ဆောင်တော် မိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Royal Apartment") and Shwe-Yay Hsaung Mibaya (ရွှေရေးဆောင် မိဖုရား, lit. "Queen of the Gilded Chamber") between the tiers of senior queen and junior queen.Yi Yi 1982: 103–104

Ladies in waiting such as Apyo-daw (အပျိုတော်, "maiden") and Maung-ma (မောင်းမ, "handmaid") were part of the general staff of the palace.

Senior queens Each tier had further rankings within it. The order of precedence within the topmost tier was:

Rank Title Description 1. Nanmadaw Mibaya Khaunggyi () or Taung Nan Mibaya () Chief Queen or Queen of the Southern Palace 2. Myauk Nan Mibaya () Queen of the Northern Palace 3. Ale Nan Mibaya () Queen of the Central Palace 4. Anauk Nan Mibaya () Queen of the Western Palace

Aside from a few rare exceptions, the Queen of the Southern Palace was the official chief queen consort.In Burma Proper, it was extremely rare for a queen of the Southern Palace to not also be the chief queen. According to the rankings reported in the chronicles, Sithu II (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 287) and Nanda (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 107) had South Queens who were not their chief queen. In the Mrauk-U Kingdom on the west coast, three kings—Min Khamaung (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87, 89), Thado (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 115), Sanda Thaditha (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 147, 149)—had South Queens who were not their chief queen. In theory, the chief queen consort alone had the right to a white umbrella and to sit with the King on the royal throne.Scott 1900: 122

Junior queens

+ Queens of the Second Rank Rank Title Description 1 Taung Hsaungdaw Mibaya (တောင်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား) Queen of the Southern Royal Apartment 2 Myauk Hsaungdaw Mibaya (မြောက်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား) Queen of the Northern Royal Apartment

+ Queens of the Third Rank Rank Title Description 1 Taung Shwe-Yay Mibaya (တောင်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား) Queen of the Southern Gilded Chamber 2 Myauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (မြောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား) Queen of the Northern Gilded Chamber 3 Ale Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အလယ်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား) Queen of the Central Gilded Chamber 4 Anauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အနောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား) Queen Of the Western Gilded Chamber

+ Queens of the Fourth Rank Rank Title Description 1 Myo-za Mibaya (မြို့စား မိဖုရား) Queen with township-level appanage 2 Ywa-za Mibaya (ရွာစား မိဖုရား) Queen with village-level appanage

Concubines Concubines were called Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, lit. "one who administers to the royal body") or Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်, lit. "one on whom the royal feet are placed").Hla Pe 116

+ Concubines Rank Title Description 1 Ko-lone-taw Gyi (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်ကြီး) Senior Concubine 2 Ko-lone-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်) Concubine 3 Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်) Concubine

Names The names of the queens, if known, are given according to their most well known common name, which often happens to be the primary name used by the royal chronicles. The chronicle reported names of the queens may be their popular/commonly known name (e.g., Pwa Saw, Nanmadaw Me Nu); formal title (e.g., Agga Mahethi, Sanda Dewi); personal name (e.g., Shin Bo-Me, Yun San); or generic name of the office (Hanthawaddy Mibaya, "Queen of Hanthawaddy"; or Myauk Pyinthe, "Queen of the Northern Palace"). Finally, the names of the queens with no known records are given as "(Unknown)".

Duration of consortship The "Became consort" and "Ceased to be consort" dates indicate the period when a given queen acted as the royal consort—not the duration of marriage.

Pagan dynasty Early Pagan

Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes Taung Pyinthe Chief ? 1001 Saw Rahan II Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 227 Myauk Pyinthe North Ale Pyinthe Center Taung Pyinthe Chief 1001 1014 Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 93 Myauk Pyinthe North 10141021 Ale PyintheCenter 1001? (Unknown) Chief 1021 1 April 1038 Kyiso(Unknown)Chief 1 April 1038 11 August 1044 Sokkate Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 228Myauk PyintheNorth?August 1044

Pagan Empire Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes Agga Mahethi Chief 1048 1077 Anawrahta Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 267–268) mention Agga Mahethi and Manisanda as Anawrahta's two senior queens towards the end of his reign. Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 255–256), Queen Saw Mon Hla was sent back to her native land about six years before his death. Saw Mon Hla North 1058 1071 Manisanda North 1070s 11 April 1077UsaukpanChief 11 April 1077 1077/78 Saw Lu Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 274 ManisandaNorthChief 1077/78 April 1084 Apeyadana Chief 21 April 1084 12th century Kyansittha See (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 279) for Kyansittha's four senior queens. (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 283) says Thanbula showed up with Kyansittha's son at the palace after the king had anointed Sithu I as heir apparent, and that the king raised her to queen with the title of Usaukpan, which meant the chief queen. Since Sithu I was born in 1090, she could have come in the 1090s at the earliest. Her getting the title probably meant the first chief queen Apeyadana had died. But Queen Apeyadana was still alive in 1102; it means Thanbula probably came to the palace in the 1100s. Manisanda North 1112/1113 Khin Tan Center Thanbula Chief 12th centuryYadanabon IChief 1112/13 1050s Sithu I (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 287): All four of Sithu's senior queens (not just the chief queen) participated in his coronation ceremony. The South Queen, Taung Pyinthe, technically should have been the chief queen but the royal chronicles list her fourth in line behind Yadanabon, Ti Lawka Sanda Dewi and Yazakumari. Later, Sanda Dewi succeeded Yadanabon as chief queen. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 287, 302): Late in his regin, Sithu II raised two other queens: Khin U and Princess Pabhavati of Padeikkaya. Though the chronicles do not explicitly say they were senior queens, they probably graduated to the rank, especially toward the end of the reign. His remaining three senior queens probably might not have lived as long as the king who lived to 77. Ti Lawka Sanda Dewi CenterChief 1050s1167Yazakumari West 1112/13 ?Taung Pyinthe (Sithu I)South Taung Pyinthe (Narathu)Chief 1167 February 1171 Narathu None of the main chronicles has a record of the names of the queens of Narathu. Yazawin Thit (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 122) explicitly says no records of his queens could be found. Yazawin Thit and Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 312) mention only that Naratheinkha and Sithu II had the same mother. Per scholarship, (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 124, footnote 2, citing Than Tun), their mother was the North Queen. It means there was a South Queen. Myauk Pyinthe (Narathu) NorthMin Aung Myat Chief February 1171 May 1174 Naratheinkha See (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 312) and (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 124) for the names of the Chief and North queens; and (Than Tun 1964: 129) for Saw Ahlwan (Saw Hteikhta in Modern Burmese per Than Tun). Saw LatNorthSaw AhlwanCenter WeluwaddyWest April 1174 Chief May 1174 1186 Sithu II Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 317), Sithu II took all his brother's senior queens as his at the start of his reign. Per inscriptional evidence (Than Tun 1964: 129), the king had at least six senior queens during his reign. Queen Weluwaddy died in 1186 per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 321). Sithu II kept separate chief and South queens at least with Weluwaddy and Min Aung Myat. Min Aung Myat South 1185? Saw Lat North 1190s? Saw Ahlwan Center Taung Pyinthe II (Sithu II) Chief 1190s 18 August 1211 Myauk Pyinthe II (Sithu II) North Wadanthika Center 1190s Saw Mya Kan Center 18 August 1211PwadawgyiChief 18 August 1211 1231–35 Htilominlo Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 330Myauk Pyinthe (Htilominlo)NorthSaw Mi Pyan Center Shin Saw Chief 1231 1235 Naratheinga Uzana Chronicles do not mention Naratheinga Uzana as king at all. Per (Than Tun 1964: 131–132), contemporary inscriptions say that Uzana, who was crown prince, was now the ruler or at least the regent. Some historians such as Htin Aung (Htin Aung 1970: 43) and Michael Aung-Thwin (Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 99) do not accept that Uzana was king. Saw Min Waing NorthYaza DewiChief19 July 1235 May 1251KyaswaHmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360 Thonlula Chief May 1251 May 1256 Uzana Than Tun 1964: 134Yadanabon IIChief 6 May 1256 1262 Narathihapate Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 358) mention Pwa Saw as the only senior queen and the rest as junior queens. Per inscriptional evidence (Ba Shin 1982: 37), Pwa Saw's sister Yadanabon was the first chief queen of Narathihapate. Pwa Saw NorthChief12621 July 1287 Pwa Saw of Thitmahti Chief 30 May 1289 17 December 1297 Kyawswa Chronicles (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360) mention only Saw Soe as the senior queen. But inscriptional evidence (Ba Shin 1982: 41–43) shows Saw Thitmahti was the chief queen, certainly by 1296. Saw Soe North Mi Saw U Center

Small kingdoms

Myinsaing

Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes Saw U Chief 17 December 1297 13 April 1310 Athinkhaya Than Tun 1964: 277(Unknown)Chief 1312/13Yazathingyan Mi Saw U Chief 17 December 1297 7 February 1313 Thihathu Yadanabon North 1300

Pinya Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes Mi Saw U Chief 7 February 1313 February 1325 Thihathu Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 371–372 Yadanabon NorthAtula Maha Dhamma Dewi Chief February 13251 September 1340Uzana IHmannan Vol. 1 2003: 377 Saw Htut Chief 1 September 1340 29 March 1344 Sithu Than Tun 1959: 124Atula Sanda DewiChief 29 March 1344 12 December 1350 Kyawswa I Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380Mway MedawNorth Saw Omma Chief 12 December 1350 19 March 1359 Kyawswa II Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 384–38519 March 1359 May 1364Narathu June 1364 September 1364 Uzana II Saw Sala North June 1364

Sagaing

Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes Saw Hnaung Chief 15 May 1315 5 February 1327 Saw Yun Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360 5 February 13271335/36Tarabya I (Unknown) Chief 1335/36 August 1339 Anawrahta I Saw Pa OhChief August 1339 March 1349KyaswaThan Tun 1959: 127 (Unknown) Chief March 1349 November 1349 Anawrahta II(Unknown)Chief November 134923 February 1352Tarabya II Soe Min Kodawgyi Chief 23 February 1352 April 1364 Thihapate

Ava

House of Myinsaing