This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.
Afro-Asiatic languages Cushitic languages KaylaAppleyard, David, "Preparing a Comparative Agaw Dictionary", in ed. Griefenow-Mewis & Voigt, Cushitic & Omotic Languages: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium Berlin, Mar. 17-19, 1994, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln 1996. . Qwara
Semitic languages Arabic languages Judeo-Arabic Judeo-Algerian Arabic Judeo-Andalusi Arabic † Judeo-Egyptian Arabic Judeo-Iraqi Arabic Jewish Baghdadi Arabic Judeo-Levantine Arabic † Judeo-Syrian Arabic Modern Judeo-Palestinian Arabic Judeo-Moroccan Arabic Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic Judeo-Tunisian Arabic Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic
Aramaic languages Judeo-Aramaic
Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic) Jewish Babylonian Aramaic † Jewish Palestinian Aramaic † Galilean dialect † Lishana Deni (Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic) Lishan Didan (Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic) Lishanid Noshan (Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
Other Afro-Asiatic languages Judeo-Berber (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)
Austronesian languages Judeo-Malay †
Dravidian languages Judeo-Malayalam
(both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages Germanic languages Jewish English Languages Lachoudisch † Lotegorisch † Yiddish Eastern Yiddish Western Yiddish Scots-Yiddish
Indo-Aryan languages Judeo-Gujarati Judeo-Hindustani Judeo-Marathi Judeo-Urdu †
Iranian languages Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik) (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand) Judeo-Golpaygani † Judeo-Hamedani (possibly extinct) Judeo-Kashani Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi) Judeo-Shirazi Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51–74. .
Romance languages Judeo-Latin † Judeo-Aragonese † (have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje) Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese † (with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela) Judeo-Asturleonese † (have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish) Judeo-French (Zarphatic) † (a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects) Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands) Judeo-Galician † Judaeo-Catalan † (existence doubted) Judeo-Sicilian (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct) Judeo-Occitan Judeo-Gascon † Judeo-Provençal † Judeo-Niçard † Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino) Haketia Tetuani Judeo-Italian Judeo-Ferrarese † (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara Judeo-Modenese † (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena Judeo-Pitigliano/Judeo-Pitgilianese † (Giudeo-Pitigliano/Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany Judeo-Salentinian † (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino Judeo-Resan † (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna Judeo-Torinese † (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga † (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo † (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato † (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia † (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome Judeo-Livornese (Bagitto) † (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno Judeo-Florentine † (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence Judeo-Venetian † (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice Judeo-Triestine † (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste Judeo-Veronese † (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona Judeo-Reggiano † (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia Judeo-Piedmontese † (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont Judeo-Mantuan † (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua
Other Indo-European languages Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) † Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic) Judeo-Sicilian Greek † Judeo-Koiné Greek †
Kartvelian languages Judeo-Georgian Judeo-Mingrelian†
Turkic languages Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab) Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct) Judeo-Turkish (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them) Karaim (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)
Creole languages Judaeo-Papiamento Judeo-Manado Malay †
See also Jewish languages
References