The Putian dialect (Pu–Xian Min: / ; ) is a dialect of Pu–Xian Min Chinese spoken in urban area of Putian, which is a prefecture-level city in the southeast coast of Fujian province.
Phonology The Putian dialect has 15 initials, 40 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials Bilabial Alveolar Lateral Velar Glottal Nasal 麻 拿 雅 Plosive/Affricate 巴 打 渣 家 烏 彭 他 査 卡 Fricative * 沙 * 下 Approximant 拉
Rimes + Open syllable Nasal Coda Glottal Coda open mouth 鴉 拗 江 壓 奥 王 屋 科 烏 温 熨 裔 愛 煙 黑 改 熊 郁 伓 even teeth 衣 油 引 益 夜 要 鹽 葉 closed mouth 夫 位 廣 画 歪 碗 活 round mouth 余 恩 役 安 羊 藥
Tones No.1234567Tonesdark level陰平light level陽平rising上聲dark departing陰去light departing陽去dark entering陰入light entering陽入Tone contour (533) (13) (453) (42) (11) (21ʔ) (4ʔ)Example Hanzi詩巴時爬始把試霸寺罷濕北實拔
Assimilation Coda of the Former SyllableInitial of the Latter SyllableAssimilationCoda of the Former SyllableInitial of the Latter SyllableGroup AOpen syllable , →remain unchanged , , , , , , , , , , , null initial remain unchangedGroup B (nasal coda) , , , , , , , remain unchanged , , , null initial remain unchanged , , , , remain unchangedGroup C (glottal Coda) , , remain unchanged , , , , , , , , , null initial
Tone sandhi Putian dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
+ Tone sandhi of first syllable dark level533light level13rising453dark departing42light departing11dark enteringʔ21light enteringʔ4dark level533111311light level1311554211rising45313111311dark departing425542554255light departing1111554255dark enteringʔ21ʔ4light enteringʔ4ʔ21
Notes
References