Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra

Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra, Count of Urquijo (1871–1950), in Basque self-styled as ,Jose Luis Lizundia Askondo, Julio Urkixo, a mirror of the variety that exists in the world of the Basque Language, [in:] Revista internacional de los estudios vascos. Ejemplar centenario, San Sebastián 2007, , p. 104; in present-day Basque the accepted spelling is "" was a Basque linguist, cultural activist, and a Spanish Carlist politician. As a Traditionalist deputy he twice served in the Cortes, during the terms of 1903–1905 and 1931–1933, though the climax of his political activity fell on the late Restoration period. As a scientist he was the moving spirit behind setting up numerous vascologist institutions, especially Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos (1907) and Sociedad de Estudios Vascos (1918). Himself he specialized in Basque paremiology and bibliography. He opposed academy-driven unification of Basque dialects and preferred to wait until standard Basque emerges naturally.

Family and youth

Julio Gabriel Ospín de Urquijospelling after the official Cortes service, compare here. Some Spanish (not Basque) publications prefer the "Urkijo" spelling, compare Argia service, available here e Ibarra,the official Cortes service prefers the "Ibarra" version which is followed also here. Many other publications prefer "Ybarra" spelling, see Cristóbal Robles Muñoz, José María de Urquijo e Ybarra: opinión, religión y poder, Madrid 1997, , 9788400076689 Goicoechea,after the official Cortes service. Some sources prefer the "Goigoechea" spelling, compare Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 29 y Arambarri was born into a wealthy and distinguished family originating from Valle de Ayala.for the family see Heraldicablog service available here Julio's grandfather, Serapio Ospín Urquijo y Zabalegui,see Geni generalogical service available here for many years served as secretary of the Bilbao council;Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 29, Serapio Urquijo for was first nominated secretary of the Bilbao ayuntamiento during the First Carlist War and served until the late 1870s, Joseba Agirreazkuenaga, Diccionario biográfico de los alcaldes de Bilbao y gestión municipal, en tiempos de revolución liberal e industrial, vol. 1 (1836-1901), Bilbao 2002, , pp. 119, 121-4, 132, 139, 148, 159, 166, 172, 173 Julio's father, Nicasio Adolfo Ospín Urquijo Goicoechea (1839–1895), was dean of the local Colegio de abogados, ayuntamiento officialnamely magistrado suplente de la audiencia and regidor del ayuntamiento, Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 39 and briefly deputy to the Cortes.see official Cortes service available here In 1865Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 30 he married María del Rosario de Ibarra y Arambarri (1846–1875),see Geneallnet service available here heir to the family which already formed part of the Basque industrial oligarchy;Pablo Díaz Morlan, Los Ybarra: Una dinastía de empresarios (1801-2001), Madrid 2002, , 9788495379436, pp. 1801-2001 it controlled 40% of the Biscay iron ore mining.Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 32 Her father and Julio's maternal grandfather was among provincial political magnates; he served as president of Diputación de Vizcaya and held a number of other official positions, apart from leading many commercial and corporative bodies.he was regidor of Bilbao in 1845, judge, president of Junta de Agricultura y Comercio in 1857 and prior of Tribunal de Comercio in 1865, member of Comisión de Estadística and Junta de Caridad, president of Comisiones para la Exposición Universal de Paris (1867) and Viena (1872), member of Junta del Ferrocarril de Tudela a Bilbao, Junta de Aranceles and Fomento de la Marina Nacional. Together with marqués de Villarias and conde de Peña-Florida he negotiated the fueros following the Third Carlist War, Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 29

In 1869, Adolfo and Rosario moved to Deusto, at that time a suburb of Bilbao;Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 31 they settled at the La Cava residence, just completed by Rosario's father.Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 30 The couple had 5Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 30-1 children, 2 daughters and 3 sons.see Generallnet service available here; some sources claim there was also another brother Fernando (b. 1869), see Geneanet service available here During the Third Carlist War the family left Deusto and settled in Santander, where Julio in his early childhood was orphaned by his mother. From that moment onwards it was her sister Rafaela Ibarra who took care of early education of her nephews.Jose A. Arana Martija, Julio Urkixo, Vitoria-Gasteiz 1993, , p. 3 Following a brief spell in La Ribera, the family returned to La Cava, repaired after the war damages suffered,Arana Martija 1993, p. 3 in 1878.Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 31 In 1891 Adolfo Urquijo and his family moved to Bilbao.where they settled at calle Huertas, Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 31 La Cava remained the property of Rafaela and her family.Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 31

Julio received secondary education at Instituto de Bilbao. Following the bachillerato obtained in 1887,Idoia Estornés Zubizarreta, Julio Urquijo Ybarra entry [in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia online, available here the same year he enrolled at faculty of law at the Jesuit Deusto college, just set up with immense financial and organizational help of the Ibarra family.Arana Martija 1993, p. 4 Urquijo crowned his university career graduating in derecho canonigo y civil at the University of Salamanca in 1892.Estornés Zubizarreta, Julio Urquijo Ybarra entry"[in:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia online, Arana Martija 1993, p. 5 Inheriting enough wealth, he did not commence professional law career.Bernhard Hurch, Maria Jose Kerejeta, Introducción, [in:] Hugo Schuchardt - Julio de Urquijo. Correspondencia (1906-1927), San Sebastián 1997, , p. 10; he kept growing his wealth, e.g. in 1920 Urquijo and his wife became shareholders of Coto Minero Rio Hoyo y Ontón company, Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 343 In 1894 Urquijo married Vicenta de Olazábal y Álvarez de Eulate;Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 43 her father, Tirso de Olazábal, was leader of Gipuzkoan Carlism and one of national party jefes. The couple settled at the estate carved out from the Olazábal holding in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, in the French province of Labourd just 8 km from the Spanish frontier.his father-in-law, heavily involved in Carlist conspiracy against the Madrid government, preferred to live in France rather than to face administrative harassment in Spain Julio and Vicenta had no issue.

Many Urquijo's relatives made their names in politics. His older brother Adolfo was an Alfonsist politician, deputy, president of the Biscay Diputación, publisher and vascólogo;Idoia Estornés Zubizarreta, Adolfo Gabriel Urquijo Ybarra entry [n:] Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia online, available here Julio's younger brother José became a conservative politician, deputy, publisher of Gaceta del Norte and businessman. Julio's nephews served as mayors of Bilbao in the early and late 1930s;Adolfo Gabriel González de Careaga Urquijo in 1930-31 and José María González de Careaga Urquijo in 1938-39, see Joseba Agirreazkuenaga, Mikel Urquijo (eds.), Bilbao desde sus alcaldes: Diccionario biográfico de los alcaldes de Bilbao y gestión municipal en la Dictadura, vol. 3 (1937-1979), Bilbao 2008, pp. 147-168 another one became a rally driver.see Blog de Cesar Estornes de historia y deportes, available here Julio's aunt Rafaelasee Geni genealogical service available here founded Congregación de los Santos Angeles Custodios; in 1984 she was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church and her canonization process is ongoing.see Foundation Blessed Rafaela Ybarra site, available here Six members of Julio's family, including his brother José, were executed by Republicans during the early months of the Civil War.Javier G. Chamorro, Bitarte: humanidades e historia del conflicto vasco-navarro: fueros, constitución y autodeterminación, San Sebastián 2009, , 9788461307111, p. 222

Carlist: earlier years

Though some sources refer to Urquijo as exposed to Carlist heritage from his early childhood,Arana Martija 1993, p. 2 other works suggest that his ancestors, especially on the paternal side, were Liberal dinasticos.Serapio Urquijo served in Liberal-dominated city councils from the late 1830s to late 1870s, Adolfo commenced his service in the late 1860s, see Agirreazkuenaga 2002 Julio's father by the end of his life assumed more conservative positionconsidering himself an Isabelline Liberal, in 1893 he was elected to the Cortes from the rather conservative fuerista list, Robles Muñoz 1997, p. 40-41, 107 and his older brother joined the Conservatives, forging friendly relationship with Alfonso XIII.see Adolfo de Urquijo e Ibarra entry at conciertoeconomico service, available here The young Julio is not known for his political preferences until the mid-1890s, when following the 1894 marriage he moved to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. Living next to his father-in-law's estate, widely considered headquarters of Carlist conspiracy abroad,Eduardo González Calleja, La razón de la fuerza: orden público, subversión y violencia política en la España de la Restauración (1875-1917), Madrid 1998, , 9788400077785, pp. 158-160 he became exposed to the movements' activities and got engaged himself.

Already in 1896 the press reported him as supposed to run for the Cortes on the Carlist ticket from Tolosa district,La Unión Católica 01.04.95, available here the news which proved false. He was, however, active setting up local Gipuzkoan party structures, like centre of Juventud Carlista opened in Irun in 1902.Heraldo de Madrid 26.02.02, available here During the 1903 election campaign he did actually represent Carlism in Tolosa and gained the parliamentary seat.see official Cortes service, available here During the next two years he supported usually doomed Carlist legal initiatives in CortesEl Siglo Futuro 29.10.03, available here and kept mobilising local support when as deputy attending provincial feasts.El Liberal 19.10.03, available here; Sympathetic press referred to him as "un joven sumamente simpático y amable á más no poder, muy cortés y muy culto, de excelentes ideas, y de conversación y trato agradabilísimo", El Siglo Futuro 11.09.05, available here During the 1905 campaign Urquijo did not join - as he was initially rumored – Liga Foral Autonomista,El Siglo Futuro 04.10.03, available here but declared himself in disagreement with its manifesto;El Siglo Futuro 01.09.05, available here, also El Siglo Futuro 02.09.05, available here as a Carlist he unsuccessfully competed in Tolosa against the fuerista candidate.La Epoca 11.09.05, available here Still in Tolosa Urquijo was initially reported as running in the 1907 campaign,El Siglo Futuro 16.04.07, available here but eventually he joined electoral efforts of Esteban Bilbao in Vitoria,Urquijo ceded his role of the Carlist candidate in Tolosa to Rafaél Díaz Aguado Salaberry, who indeed was elected briefly detained as a result of his altercation with jefe of the local Guardia Civil.La Epoca 22.04.07, available here, also La Correspondencia de España 24.04.07, available here; it seems that young Urquijo was not averse to watching sort of macho fun, as e.g. in 1904 he attended a fight between a tiger and a bull; things went wrong and in the ensuing stampede he was among the wounded, see La Epoca 25.07.04, available here; maybe the fact that he was among the first car owners in Biarritz also falls into this category, see La Epoca 24.08.99, available here