The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Prior to 20th century
100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Judham rule Mecca." 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad. 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers (muhajirun). 7th C. - Masjid al-Haram architectural components began. 625-629 : Pilgrim mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by early disciples of Muhammad. Pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca per Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. 11 December: Liberation of Mecca. 683 / 63-64 H - Siege of Mecca (683); Kaaba burnt. 692 - Siege of Mecca (692). 751 - Milestones installed along the (Baghdad-Mecca road). 793 - Harun al-Rashid visits city. 810 - Aqueduct built. 930 - City sacked by Qarmatians; Black Stone taken out of Mecca. 951 - Black Stone returned to Mecca "for a great ransom". 1184 - Traveller Ibn Jubayr visits city. 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power. 1326 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits Mecca. 1517 - Ottomans in power; Selim I becomes Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. 1630 - Flood. 1631 - Kaaba rebuilt. 1802/1803 - Mecca "captured by the Sa'udi-Wahhabi army." 1812/1813 - Wahhabis ousted by Egyptian forces. 1840 - Ottomans in power again. 1855 - The Hejaz rebellion takes place in Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire, and results in riots in both Mecca and Jeddah.Badem, C. (2010). The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856). Tyskland: Brill. p357 1878 - Population estimated by Assistant-Surgeon ʽAbd el-Razzāq at 50,000 to 60,000. 1880 - 21 March: Sharif assassinated. 1885 - Population: 45,000 (estimate). 1886 - Printing press in use (approximate date).
20th century
1908 / 1325-1326 H September: Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Mecca) begins operating. Hussein bin Ali becomes sharif. Al-Hijaz government newspaper begins publication. 1912 - Madrasat al-Falah established. 1916 / 1334-1335 H June–July: Battle of Mecca (1916). Hashimite al-Qibla government newspaper begins publication. 1921 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate). 1924 / 1342-1343 H Battle of Mecca (1924). 12 December: Umm al-Qura government newspaper begins publication. Population: 60,000 (approximate estimate). Ali of Hejaz becomes sharif. 1925 - City becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 1926 - Al Adl cemetery and al-Mahad al-Ilmi Suudi (school) established. 1929 - Amanat al-Asima (municipality) established. 1931 / 1349-1350 H - Public library founded (approximate date). 1932 - Dar al-Hadith (school) established. 1930s - Aziziyya, Faysaliyya, Khayriyya, and Suudiyya schools established (approximate date). 1938 - Maktabat al-Haram (library) active. 1941 - Flood 1945 - Al-Wehda Club (sport club) formed. 1949 / 1368-1369 H - Kulliyyat al-Sharia (college) established. 1951 - College of Education established. 1958 - Al Nadwa (newspaper) newspaper begins publication. 1960 - Police academy established. 1962 Slavery abolished. Population: 158,908. 1964 / 1383-1384 H Malcolm X visits city. Masjid al-Haram expanded. 1966 - Mahad al-Nur (school) established. 1969 - Flood. 1972 - Hajj televised. 1973 - "Master Plan for the Holy City of Mecca" launched. 1974 - Population: 366,801. 1975 - Fire in Mina. 1979 - 20 November-4 December: Grand Mosque seizure. 1981 - Umm al-Qura University established. 1986 - King Abdul Aziz Stadium opens. 1987 - 31 July: 1987 Mecca incident. 1992 - Population: 965,697. 1997 - 16 April: Mecca fire of 1997.
21st century
2005 - April: 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games held in city. 2006 / 1426-1427 H 5 January: 2006 Mecca hostel collapse. 12 January: 2006 Hajj stampede. December: Abraj al Bait Mall in business. 2007 - Jamaraat Bridge for pedestrians rebuilt. 2010 Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro begins operating. Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel in business. 1,534,731. 2012 August: Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference held in city. Abraj Al Bait built. 2013 - Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud becomes governor of Mecca Province. 2014 / 1435-1436 H - Raffles Makkah Palace hotel and Swissôtel Makkah in business. 2015 13 July: City visible via Snapchat imagery. September: Mecca crane collapse.
See also Mecca history List of sharifs of Mecca Timeline of Muhammad in Mecca Timeline of Islamic history Timelines of other cities in Saudi Arabia: Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh
References
Bibliography
Published in 18th-19th centuries
, v.2
Published in 20th century
(fulltext)
Francis Edward Peters. Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land, Princeton University Press, (1994)
Published in 21st century
External links
Map of Mecca, 1946
Europeana. Items related to Mecca, various dates Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Mecca, various dates