Listed buildings in Sleaford

Sleaford – historically called New Sleaford – is a market town in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. There are 181 listed buildings in the civil parish of Sleaford, which, along with the town, incorporates the village of Quarrington, the hamlet of Holdingham and the former ancient parish of Old Sleaford. One of the buildings is classified by Historic England as being in Grade I, six in Grade II* and 174 in Grade II.

In the United Kingdom, the term "listed building" refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. These buildings are in three grades: Grade I consists of buildings of outstanding architectural or historical interest; Grade II* includes particularly significant buildings of more than local interest; Grade II consists of buildings of special architectural or historical interest. Buildings in England are listed by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport on recommendations provided by Historic England, which also determines the grading.

A small number of Sleaford's medieval buildings have survived. St Denys' Church in Sleaford and St Botolph's in Quarrington date to the 12th and 13th centuries respectively; considered a particularly fine example of England's Decorated Gothic church architecture, St Denys' is especially noted for its flowing tracery and is Sleaford's only Grade-I-listed building. The half-timbered vicarage immediately to the north is 15th-century and Grade-II*-listed. Though the present building dates to the 18th century, Cogglesford Mill also has medieval origins and is the only remaining watermill of the dozen or so which were once powered by the River Slea; it is a testament to the river's economic importance from the Saxon period onwards. It is likely that a market was held at Sleaford during the late Saxon period, but it grew under its post-conquest lords of the manor, the Bishops of Lincoln, who used the settlement as a base (constructing Sleaford Castle, of which only a fragment now survives) and extracted produce through demesne farming. The bishops also tried to create some commercial growth through granting burgage tenure, limited freedoms and the right to hold a market, so that they could generate an income through charging rents, levying tolls and taxing market traders. As a result, the town's historic core comprises the market place and the four roads which meet at it: Northgate, Southgate, Eastgate and Westgate; many of the listed buildings are found in this area.

Buildings in this core often date to the 18th and 19th centuries and include William Alvey's fine Baroque house on Northgate, the Manor House on Northgate inset with medieval fragments, and Sessions House on the Market Place, as well as several dozen more modest domestic buildings and shops. The Carre family, who owned the manor in the 16th and 17th centuries, were responsible for the grammar school, the hospital and the almshouses, though the buildings all date to the Victorian period. During the Industrial Revolution, the Slea was canalised in 1794 and the Sleaford Navigation which managed it constructed its offices along Carre Street where the canal terminated; industries and wharves sprung up there. The canal brought trade to Sleaford and the town prospered. The 19th-century builders Kirk and Parry constructed or added to numerous public buildings and private residences, including the listed Lafford Terrace and their own houses on Southgate and at Westholme respectively, while the new gasworks powered lamps around the town from 1839. In 1857, the railways arrived and the station was built in a Gothic style. Sleaford's agricultural location and its new transport links encouraged seed trading, malting and other agriculture-related industry in the late 19th century: the seed merchant Charles Sharpe's Grade-II-listed house, The Pines, is on Boston Road, while the massive disused Edwardian Bass and Co. maltings off Mareham Lane is listed as Grade II*. In the late 20th century, Sleaford's urban area expanded to incorporate the surrounding villages of Quarrington and Holdingham. None of the modern suburban housing built at this time has been listed, but the historic cores of those settlements include several listed farmhouses and cottages. Old Place, the much-modified former manor house at the former settlement of Old Sleaford, now also sits within the town's urban area.

Key Grade CriteriaI Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally importantII* Particularly important buildings of more than special interestII Buildings of national importance and special interest

Listed buildings + NameLocationImageGradeDateDescriptionRef. Parish Church of St Denys Market Place c. 1180 (tower), with later medieval nave, aisles and transept, and Victorian alterations and spire There has probably been a church in Sleaford since at least the Norman Conquest,See for the main argument that a church existed in New Sleaford at by the time the Domesday Book was compiled in c. 1086. but the oldest parts of St Denys' Church date to c. 1180. It consists of an Early English Gothic tower, with a stone broach spire, a Decorated Gothic nave and aisles, and a north transept. Kirk and Parry restored the church in 1853 and the spire was rebuilt after it was struck by lightning in 1883. The rood screen is medieval and was removed from Lincoln Cathedral. St Denys' is considered to be an outstanding example of Decorated Gothic church architecture in England,. with its tracery being especially praised.. Carre's Hospital, pump and sun-dial in the forecourt and wall along Carre Street Eastgate 1830, with an extension of 1861 The L-shaped Carre's Hospital is built on the site of the Carre family's house. Designed by H. E. Kendall, the east range of 1830 spans nine windows; the south range, completed between 1841 and 1846 (possibly by Charles Kirk) spans seven windows and has a large central chapel and a Perpendicular Gothic window overlooking the courtyard. There is a front lawn with a sundial and water pump. Church of St Botolph Town Road, Quarrington 13th century, with later medieval and 19th century fabric A church at Quarrington is recorded in the Domesday Book; however, the 13th-century north arcade is the oldest part of the existing church. Its tower and spire date to the next century and St Botolph's listing reflects the "excellent" 14th-century tracery in two of its windows. The chancel was rebuilt when Charles Kirk restored the church in 1862−3. Former maltings of Bass Industrial Estate Mareham Lane 1907 Local barley production and the town's railway links made Sleaford desirable for brewing beer. Bass & Co. constructed the maltings in brick between 1892 and 1907. They comprise eight separate pavilions with a four-storey tower in the centre; the total frontage is nearly 1,000 ft. Pevsner and colleagues commented that "for sheer impressiveness little in English industrial architecture can equal the scale of this building." The maltings at Sleaford closed in 1959, though parts of the building were let for other uses. Vacant since 2000, the site has been damaged by fire on several occasions and is listed among English Heritage's most "at risk" buildings. Manor House, Rhodes House, wall and gate piers to cobbled yard and garden wall to no. 33 Northgate 16th century, with much 19th century modification (No 31); mid 18th century (No 33) Set back from the street and entered across a courtyard, the Manor House is largely 19th-century Gothic, but attached to part of a 16th- or 17th-century building. The architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner and colleagues considered it a "jigsaw puzzle", for it incorporates medieval stonework, including a 14th-century chimney piece from the Old Deanery in Lincoln and masonry from Sleaford Castle, as well as early modern stonework. It is thought that Charles Kirk may have been responsible for much of this. It is, in Pevsner et al'''s view, "hard to discriminate between what is genuine and what is 19th-century fancy". The adjoining Georgian Rhodes House is brick-built and faces onto Northgate.

!scope=row|Town Hall (Sessions House) |Market Place | |align="center" | |data-sort-value="1831"|1831 |Designed by H. E. Kendall, the Gothic Revival Sessions House has two storeys topped with an embattled parapet. Facing onto the Market Place, the ground level is arcaded with six pointed arches; the first floor has six windows. The building served as the magistrates court for the Sleaford area (formerly the Sleaford Petty Sessions) until 2010. It was converted to a restaurant in 2010. It had also served as the meeting place of Kesteven County Council from 1889 to 1960 and for the town's urban district council from 1894 to 1911.

!scope=row|Vicarage |Market Place | |align="center" | |data-sort-value="1400"|15th century |A two-storey timber-framed building, the Vicarage is 15th-century, with a late 16th-century chimney-piece and a brick extension of 1861 by Charles Kirk. The ground floor of the earlier wing is rendered; the first floor is half-timbered and contains a central bay window beneath a large gable with timber jetties.

!scope=row|Garden House at The Pines |Boston Road | |align="center" | |data-sort-value="1880"|c. 1880 |A hexagonal, wooden-panelled garden house at the Pines on Boston Road, a house owned by the seed merchant Charles Sharpe in the late 19th century. The exterior and interior are decorated with split branches, and the windows are stained glass.

!scope=row|Old Place. Garden wall to the south of Old Place |Boston Road | |align="center" | |data-sort-value="1530"|1530s with much from the early to mid 19th century |Old Place contains a Tudor stone core, dating mostly to the 1530s, but altered and with a brick second floor added probably in the early 1820s. There are extensive 19th-century Gothic additions. Its eastern wings date to the early Victorian period (having been completed by 1849) and its northern extension was built between 1888 and 1903. Its garden wall is built from medieval stone fragments.

The house occupies the site of the manor house at Old Sleaford, owned by the Hussey family from the 15th century to the early 16th century, when the Carre family took over the estate (it passed into the hands of the Earls, later Marquesses, of Bristol in 1688). It became a farm house during the Carre family's ownership, but was converted into multiple residences in the late 1940s and renovated in the 1980s by the builders Jelson and Co.

!scope=row|The Pines and attached former warehouse and offices |Boston Road | |align="center" | |data-sort-value="1830"|c. 1830 and later |The site was developed by John Sharpe, a seedsman, in the 1830s, then enlarged by his son, Charles, fifty years later. The house is in yellow brick with stone decorations. Of two storeys and spanning five bays, the east front has a central tower with doors fitted between two pairs of Doric pilasters. The 13-bay former warehouse is attached to the south.

Listed buildings in Sleaford

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