The border of the European Union consists of the land borders that member states of the EU share with non-EU states adjacent to the union. The EU shares land borders with 21 countries and 3 dependencies.
List The lengths of the borders the European Union and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) share with different countries and territories are listed below. Maritime borders are not included.
Countries and dependencies bordering the EU Country / DependencyLengthThe World Factbook Member statesNotes (U.K.)CyprusOpen borderGreeceSpain and FranceOpen borderLatvia, Lithuania and PolandCroatiaFranceThe border is located in French Guiana (U.K.)SpainAustriaOpen border through SchengenRomaniaFranceOpen borderCroatiaSpainThe border is located in Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la GomeraBulgaria and GreeceFinland and SwedenOpen border through SchengenEstonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and PolandItalyOpen borderBulgaria, Hungary, Croatia and Romania (Kingdom of the Netherlands)FranceOpen border; located in Saint MartinFranceThe border is located in French GuianaGermany, Austria, France and ItalyOpen border through SchengenBulgaria and GreeceHungary, Poland, Romania and SlovakiaIreland and FranceOpen border with Ireland through the Common Travel AreaItalyOpen border
Countries and dependencies bordering Overseas Countries and Territories
Country / DependencyLength OCTsNotesGreenland (Kingdom of Denmark)Located in Hans Island (Australia)N/AFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands (France)Located in Antarctica. Most countries do not recognize Antarctic territorial claims (U.K.) (Norway) (New Zealand) (Argentina) (Chile)
Disputed territory
The northern part of Cyprus is legally part of the EU, but the terms of the acquis communautaire, the EU's body of laws, have been suspended due to it being under the control of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a self-proclaimed de facto state which is recognized only by Turkey. The two entities are separated by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, which serves as a de facto boundary between them.
Border status and cooperation
In 2004 the European Union developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the promotion of cooperation between the EU and its neighbours to the east and south of the European territory of the EU (i.e., excluding its outermost regions outside of Europe),What is the European Neighbourhood Policy? which, in part, includes the Cross-Border Cooperation programme aimed at the promotion of economic development in border areas and ensuring border security.
External border control
The Border and Coast Guard Agency, more commonly known as Frontex, was established in 2004. Its main task is external border control of the Schengen Area. Most of its activities are coordinated with the coast and border guards of member states. Candidate countries Turkey Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Armenia, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is part of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, and Syria will be a border neighbors with the European Union. See also Schengen Area Frontex
Notes
References
External links Grigore Silaşi, Ovidiu Laurian Simina (eds.), Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union: Space of Freedom and Security, 2008, Editura Universităţii de Vest,