Williams Lake is a city in the Central Interior of British Columbia, in the central Cariboo. Affectionately referred to as "Willy's Puddle" by locals, Williams Lake is one of the largest cities, by population of metropolitan area in the Cariboo region.The city is famous for the Williams Lake Stampede, which is the second largest professional rodeo in Canada, after only the Calgary Stampede.

History

Williams Lake is named in honour of Secwépemc chief William, whose counsel prevented the Shuswap from joining the Tsilhqot'in in their uprising against the settler population.

The story of Williams Lake (called T'exelc by local First Nations communities of the region) begins as much as 4000 years ago. The story of Williams Lake written by those coming into the region from outside begins in 1860 during the Cariboo Gold Rush when Gold Commissioner Philip Henry Nind and William Pinchbeck, a constable with the British Columbia Provincial Police, arrived from Victoria to organize a local government and maintain law and order.

At the time, two pack trails led to the goldfields, one from the Douglas Road and the other through the Fraser Canyon. They met at Williams Lake, which made it a good choice for settlers and merchants. By 1861, Commissioner Nind had built a government house and had requested the funds to build a jail. With the centre of local government being at Williams Lake, the miners and businessmen all had to travel there to conduct their business and soon the town had a post office, a courthouse, a roadhouse and the jail that Nind had requested. Meanwhile, William Pinchbeck had not been idle and had built his own roadhouse, saloon and store. Eventually he would own most of the valley.

In 1863, the town was excited by the news of the construction of Cariboo Road, believing it would pass through their already established and important trading centre. However, the roadbuilder Gustavus Blin Wright rerouted the original trail so that it bypassed Williams Lake and went through 150 Mile House instead.

The Williams Lake by-pass doomed the city and accusations flew that Gustavus Blin Wright had changed the route for his own personal benefit as he owned a roadhouse at Deep Creek along the new route. Regardless of Wright's motives, Williams Lake was forgotten and wouldn't be reborn until over half a century later in 1919 with the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway, later BC Rail and now CN Rail.

On July 5, 1867, the Roman Catholic Church established St. Joseph's Mission halfway between Williams Lake and 150 Mile House. In 1891, the mission opened an Indian residential school, called St. Joseph's School. The school became one of the most notorious Indian residential schools over the 90 years it operated. A St. Joseph's School reunion in 2013 in Williams Lake led to the creation of Orange Shirt Day, a memorial to the victims of the Canadian Indian residential school system that is observed nationally. A memorial monument to the victims of the school was also erected in 2013, in Boitanio Park.

In 1891, the subdistrict of Williams Lake had a population of 410.Government of Canada (Department of Agriculture, Census Branch). Census of Canada, 1890–1891, 1893, table 2.

In July 2017, the province of British Columbia declared a state of emergency with more than 200 fires burning, mostly in the central region of the province. Residents from Williams Lake along with other communities in central British Columbia such as Ashcroft and 100 Mile House were given evacuation orders and most of those affected went to either Prince George or Kamloops.

On August 15, 2022, the City of Williams Lake officially proclaimed the third week of August as LGBTQ2S Pride Week for the first time in the city's history, and raised the inclusive pride flag at city hall.

Economy The primary industries in Williams Lake are forestry, logging, sawmilling, mining, university and ranching.

Timber has a long history in Williams Lake, dating back to the 1950s when many independent sawmills such as the Jacobson Brothers operated in town. In the 1990s and 2000s, the independent sawmills sold their businesses or merged to become larger operations. Currently, West Fraser Timber and Tolko Industries operate sawmills in Williams Lake.

The Gibraltar Mine is the second-largest open-pit copper mine in Canada, operated by Taseko Mines Limited. It is located just north of Williams Lake and employs many residents.

Climate

Williams Lake has a humid continental climate with warm summers. Spring is the driest time of year, and summer and winter are the wettest seasons respectively. Williams Lake receives about 2,000 hours of bright sunshine per year, which is more than most of the province. It is also located in the rain shadow of the coastal mountains.

The lowest temperature ever recorded in Williams Lake was on January 22, 1943, and the highest temperature ever recorded was on July 16 & 17, 1941. Williams Lake – along with Billings, and nearby McLeese Lake – holds the record for the highest maximum temperature ever recorded in the province during the month of September. This occurred on September 4, 1988.

The Williams Lake Airport weather station is at an elevation of while the Williams Lake River weather station is at , a difference of . Thus the average temperature is significantly warmer in the city proper than the airport.

Demographics

In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Williams Lake had a population of 23,608 living in 4,736 of its 5,066 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 10,753. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. According to the same census, Williams Lake had a census agglomeration population of 23,608.

Ethnicity Below is the ethnic origin of people from the Williams Lake census agglomeration, as of the 2006 Canadian census. Note that percentages total more than 100% due to multiple responses e.g. German-East Indian, Norwegian-Irish-Polish. Ethnic originPopulationPercent of 18,615English5,87031.5%Irish3,38018.2%Scottish4,52024.3%Welsh4802.6%misc. British Isles, 2601.4%French2,33012.5%Métis6403.4%North American Indian2,74014.7%American4902.6%Canadian4,85026.1%Jamaican200.1%Brazilian100.1%Mexican900.5%Austrian2101.1%Belgian650.3%Dutch (Netherlands)Not including Frisians or Flemish1,1206.0%Flemish100.1%German3,72520.0%Swiss2151.2%Finnish1500.8%Danish2301.2%Iceland900.5%Norwegian8304.5%Swedish6953.7%misc. Scandinavian, May include Sami and Kven850.5%Lithuanian150.1%Czech1200.6%Czech/Slovak400.2%Slovak250.1%Hungarian (Magyar)2601.4%Polish5903.2%Romanian1100.6%Russian4852.6%Ukrainian9805.3%Croatian200.1%Greek450.2%Italian4652.5%Portuguese300.2%Spanish1150.6%Yugoslav, 700.4%Basque200.1%Gypsy (Roma)100.1%Jewish650.3%misc. European, 300.2%Black250.1%Ghanaian100.1%South African500.3%misc. African, 100.1%Lebanese100.1%Maghrebi origins150.1%Maghrebi, n.i.e.150.1%misc. Arab, 100.1%East Indian6253.4%Gujarati200.1%Punjabi1050.6%misc. South Asian, 250.1%Chinese1500.8%Filipino250.1%Indonesian100.1%Japanese750.4%Korean100.1%Malaysian500.3%Australians350.2%New Zealander150.1%

In the thirty-year period between 1986 and 2016, the population of Williams Lake has been largely stable, growing slightly from 10,280 to 10,753. Panethnic groups in the City of Williams Lake (1986−2021)Panethnic group20212016201120062001199619911986 European 7,140 7,535 7,655 8,240 8,385 8,170 7,990 7,720 Indigenous 2,615 2,045 2,120 1,435 1,445 915 1,060 1,050 South Asian 425 405 395 700 925 1,015 1,035 1,165 Southeast Asian 195 100 65 30 45 20 35 East Asian 175 110 355 140 115 180 130 175 Other/multiracial 150 125 0 55 70 50 20 10 Total responses 10,710 10,325 10,605 10,600 10,970 10,350 10,270 10,120 Total population 10,947 10,753 10,832 10,744 11,153 10,472 10,385 10,280

Religion + Religious groups in the City of Williams Lake(1981–2021)Religiousgroup20212011200119911981 Irreligion 6,475 5,165 3,535 3,210 1,470 Christianity 3,655 4,950 6,385 5,905 5,890 Sikhism 320 370 840 1,035 850 Hinduism 45 10 10 0 0 Indigenous Spirituality 40 40 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Buddhism 25 25 15 10 10 Islam 25 0 40 0 0 Judaism 15 0 0 0 0 Other 105 55 135 105 0 Total responses 10,710 10,605 10,970 10,270 8,230 Total population 10,947 10,832 11,153 10,385 8,362

Education Williams Lake is served by Cariboo-Chilcotin School District 27. It has five public elementary schools teaching up to grade 6 and three StrongStart BC centres. These are Cataline Elementary (Cataline Strong Start Centre), Chilcotin Road Elementary, Marie Sharpe Elementary (Marie Sharpe StrongStart Centre), Mountview Elementary (Mountview StrongStart Centre), Nesika Elementary. There is also SD 27 OR#1 Wildwood, a StrongStart Outreach Centre. One secondary school, Lake City Secondary School, which was formed by a merger of Columneetza Secondary School and Williams Lake Secondary School in 2013, teaches grade 7 to 12 students. Alternative education provision is met by the Graduation Routes Other Ways (GROW) centre and the Skyline Alternate School program. The GROW Centre offers grades 10–12 for adults.School information – District 027 – Cariboo-Chilcotin, British Columbia Ministry of Education, September 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-05-07.School district profile, British Columbia Ministry of Education. Retrieved May 7, 2012. Anne Stevenson Secondary School was closed in 2003 due to falling numbers of students.

There are three independent schools in Williams Lake: Sacred Heart Catholic School (K-7), Maranatha Christian School (K-10) and Cariboo Adventist Academy (K-12).

Colleges and universities Thompson Rivers University has a campus in Williams Lake and offers a wide variety of programs and courses including university transfers, certificate and diploma programs, health and safety certification, trades and technology, and university and career preparation. The Cariboo Chilcotin Elder College is a local affiliate of Thompson Rivers University that offers programs and opportunities for people who are 50 years of age and older and interested in participating in the programs, courses and special events run by the college.

TRU decided in 2026 to shut down the university, stating there's not enough enrollment to justify it remaining open.

Sports and recreation The Williams Lake Stampeders are the local ice hockey team, playing in the Central Interior Hockey League; their arena is the Cariboo Memorial Complex The Williams Lake TimberWolves resumed play in September 2009 in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). Due to financial obligations, the BCHL has suspended the Williams Lake franchise indefinitely. Williams Lake Golf and Tennis Club situated on the south side of town is home to a championship 18 hole course and full size tennis courts. Thunder Mountain Speedway – Thunder Mountain speedway is located on Bond Lake Road across from the SPCA. It is a 3/8 mile, paved, banked oval. The track is 50 feet wide, is banked 12 degrees on corners, 3.5 degrees on the straights and is shaped to provide a longer straight away between turns 3 & 4 than between turns 1 & 2.

Government

Local Williams Lake is an incorporated municipality, with representation provided through the Williams Lake City Hall. Its mayor is Surinderpal Rathor, who has served in this role since 2022. The city council consists of seven elected positions: the mayor and six council members. The council member serve 4-year terms.

Mayor: Surinderpal Rathor Councillor: Sheila Boehm Councillor: Angie Delainey Councillor: Joan Flaspohler Councillor: Jazmyn Lyons Councillor: Michael Moses Councillor: Scott Nelson

Provincial Williams Lake is located within the Cariboo-Chilcotin electoral district of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. The riding is represented by Conservative MLA Lorne Doerkson since 2020.

Federal