Following are lists of notable Arabic dictionaries.

Explanatory dictionaries Title Author Date Vocabulary Notes Kitab al-'Ayn() Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi()(b. 718 - d. 791) 8th century Kitab al-Ayn was the first dictionary for the Arabic language."Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015 Kitab al-Jim()a.k.a. Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf Abu Amr al-Shaybani()(b. ca. 738 - d. 828) 8-9th century The only copy is in the El Escorial Library."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 31 January 2015 Al-Jamhara al-Lugha()a.k.a. Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha (The all-embracing in language)Hausmann, F. J. Dictionnaires, P.2441 Ibn Duraid"Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015()(b. 838 - d. 933) 9-10th century The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary Kitab al-Ayn of al-Farahidi."Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 30 May 2015 Tahdhib al-Lugha() Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi()(b. 895 - d. 981) 10th century The dictionary is important as a source of the Lisan al-Arab.Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 53. Al-Muhit fi al-Lugha() Al-Sahib ibn Abbad()(b. 938 - d. 995) 10th century Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya()shorter title: Taj al-Lugha or al-Sihah Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari()(b. ? - d. 1009) 10-11th century It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015The author died at Nishapur while attempting flight."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015Mu`jam Maqayis al-Lugha(; "Language Standards Compendium)Ahmad Ibn Zakariyya al-Qazwini Ibn Faris11th century Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam()shorter title: Al-Muhkam Ibn Sidah()(b. 1007 - d. 1066) 11th century The author was a blind man.Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 65. Lisan al-Arab() Ibn Manzur()(b. 1233 - d. 1312) The dictionary was completed in 1290."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015 It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015Al-Misbah al-munir( ; "The Enlightening Lamp")Ahmed Al Maqri Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ali Al Maqri Al FayoumiThe dictionary dates to 1368 Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit (; "The Encompassing Ocean/Lexicon")shorter title: Al-Qamus al-Muhit Al-Firuzabadi()(b. 1329 - d. 1414) The dictionary was completed in 1410."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015 It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic."Al-Fīrūzābādī" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015Ahkam Bab al-I`rab `n Lughat al-A`rab ()Germanus Farhat (1670–1732)Printed by Rashid Dahdah (1813–1889) A revision of Fairuzabadi’s Al-Qamus Al-Muheet. Arranged by word ending. Taj al-'Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus()shorter title: Taj al-Arus Abu al-Fayd Mohammad Murtada al-Zabidi( b. 1731 - d. 1790) The dictionary was completed in 1774.Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817. It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries. Muhit al-Muhit()a.k.a. Qutr al-Muhit (The Diameter of the Ocean)al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015 Butrus al-Bustani()(b. 1819 - d. 1883) The dictionary was completed in 1870. The author had dedicated the work to the Sultan Abdulaziz. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras."İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" Muhitü'l-Muhit article PDF. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam . Retrieved 05 June 2015Al-Faraed Al-Hissan Min Qalaed Al-Lisan ()Ibrahim al-Yaziji (; b. 1847 - d. 1907)1870Matn al-Lugha (Corpus of the language)Ahmad Rida ()(b. 1872 - d. 1953)1958 Lexicon of the Modern Arabic Language()Ahmad Mukhtar Omar2008

Bilingual dictionaries

Influential Arabic dictionaries in Europe: Pedro de Alcalá, Vocabulista, 1505. A Spanish-Arabic glossary in transcription only.Edward Lipiński, 2012, Arabic Linguistics: A Historiographic Overview, pages 32-33 Valentin Schindler, Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum, 1612. Arabic lemmas were printed in Hebrew characters. Franciscus Raphelengius, Lexicon Arabicum, Leiden 1613. The first printed dictionary of the Arabic language in Arabic characters. Jacobus Golius, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Leiden 1653. The dominant Arabic dictionary in Europe for almost two centuries. Georg Freytag, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzubadiique et aliorum libris confectum I–IV, Halle 1830–1837 Edward William Lane, Arabic–English Lexicon, 8 vols, London-Edinburgh 1863–1893. Highly influential, but incomplete (stops at Kaf) Albert Kazimirski de Biberstein, Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, Tome 1 (1846) & 2 (1850), G.-P. Maisonneuve (Paris).

Influential Arabic dictionaries in modern usage: English: Collins Dictionaries, Collins Essential - Arabic Essential Dictionary, Collins, Glasgow 2018. English: Lahlali, El Mustapha & Tajul Islam, A Dictionary of Arabic Idioms and Expressions: Arabic-English Translation, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2024. English: Oxford Languages, Oxford Arabic Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014. French: R. Blachère, C. Pellat, M. Chouémi, and C. Denizeau, Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais (langues classique et moderne), Paris 1967 ff. French: D. Reig, As-Sabil, Dictionnaire arabe- français, français-arabe, Larousse, Paris, 1984. German (Classical Arabic): M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache I, kāf, Wiesbaden 1970; II/1-4, lām, Wiesbaden 1984–2009. Missing mīm, nūn, hā’, wāw, and yā’. German (Modern Standard Arabic): Hans Wehr, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart. Arabisch-Deutsch, Wiesbaden 1952; 5th ed., 1985. English (translation of Hans Wehr): J Milton Cowan: Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Arabic-English, Wiesbaden 1971; 4th ed., 1979. Greek: G. Endress (ed.), A Greek and Arabic Lexicon, Leiden 1992 ff. Polish: J. Kozłowska and J. Danecki, Słownik arabsko-polski, Warszawa 1996 and J. Łacina, Słownik arabsko-polski, Poznań 1997. Russian: Х.К. Баранов, Арабско-русский словарь, Moscow 1957; 6th ed., 1985.

Online dictionaries

Alankaa Almaany معجم الرياض للغة العربية المعاصرة معجم الدوحة التاريخي للغة العربية المعجم التاريخي للغة العربية

See also Dictionary List of Dutch dictionaries List of French dictionaries List of German dictionaries Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English/German dictionary) List of Arabic encyclopedias

Notes

References