1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, to elect the 192 members and nine non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The National Union Party expanded their existing majority against the backdrop of the American Civil War.

Candidates listed as Republicans and Unionists won 99 seats in congressional elections held in 1862 and 1863; two Union Democrats and the lone Unconditional Union Democrat from Kentucky subsequently crossed the floor to give the Republican–Union coalition a narrow majority during the 38th United States Congress. The wartime coalition of Republicans, War Democrats, and border state unionists became the base for the National Union Party that held its national convention at Baltimore on June 7, 1864. Leading Unionists were pessimistic about their party's prospects during the summer of 1864, but the fall of Atlanta led to a dramatic reversal of fortunes ahead of the fall elections. The Union Party won a "sweeping victory" at the polls, carrying all but three states in the concurrent presidential election.

Unionists significantly improved their showing compared to the last elections, contributing three-quarters of the members of the 39th United States Congress. A majority of the members elected from Indiana and all but two from Ohio were Unionists. In Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, the elections were contested by Radical and Conservative Unionist factions, resulting in 15 Radical or Unconditional Unionists, 9 Conservatives, and 1 Independent Unionist elected to the 39th United States Congress.

Following the Confederate surrender, the former Confederate state held congressional elections in 1865 and 1866, but only the members from Tennessee were seated by the House. The 10 remaining states were eventually readmitted between 1868 and 1870 during the 40th and 41st United States Congresses.

Results Federal + ↓ 35 9 1 147 Democratic Con National Union

+ 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections Parties Seats Popular vote 1862–63 1864–65 ± % Votes % National Union Party 99 147 48 76.56 2,131,978 55.00 Democratic Party 73 35 38 18.23 1,620,556 41.81 Conservative Party 1 9 8 4.69 88,474 2.28 Independent Unionists 1 1 0.52 9,409 0.24 Union Party (Kansas) 0 0 0.00 9,712 0.25 Independent Democrats 0 0 0.00 1,006 0.03 Others 9 0 9 0.00 15,216 0.39 Total 183 192 9 100.00 3,876,351 100.00

Results by state State Type Date Totalseats Democratic Conservative National Union Others Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Oregon At-large June 5, 1864 1 0 0 1 0 Vermont District September 6, 1864 3 0 0 3 0 Maine District September 11, 1864 5 0 1 0 5 1 0 Indiana District October 10, 1864 11 3 4 0 8 4 0 Ohio District 19 2 12 0 17 12 0 Pennsylvania District 24 8 4 0 16 4 0 West Virginia District October 22, 1864 3 0 0 3 0 California District November 8, 1864(Election Day) 3 0 0 3 0 Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0 0 Illinois Mixed 14 3 6 0 11 6 0 Iowa District 6 0 0 6 0 Kansas At-large 1 0 0 1 0 Maryland District 5 2 1 0 3 1 0 Massachusetts District 10 0 0 10 0 Michigan District 6 0 1 0 6 1 0 Minnesota District 2 0 0 2 0 Missouri District 9 1 1 0 1 8 2 0 New Jersey District 5 3 1 0 2 1 0 New York District 31 11 6 0 20 6 0 Wisconsin District 6 1 2 0 5 2 0 Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term) New Hampshire District March 14, 1865 3 0 1 0 3 1 0 Connecticut District April 3, 1865 4 0 1 0 4 1 0 Tennessee District August 3, 1865 8 0 4 4 4 4 0 Rhode Island District April 5, 1865 2 0 0 2 0 Kentucky District August 7, 1865 9 0 5 5 4 3 0 8 Nevada At-large November 7, 1865 1 0 0 1 0 Seceded states not yet readmitted Alabama District November 6, 1865 6 Arkansas District October 9, 1865 3 Florida At-large November 29, 1865 1 Georgia District November 15, 1865 7 Louisiana District November 6, 1865 5 Mississippi District October 2, 1865 5 North Carolina District November 9, 1865 7 South Carolina District November 22, 1865 4 Texas District October 15, 1866 4 Virginia District October 12, 1865 8 Total 192 35 38 9 8 148 48 0 8 18.2% 4.7% 77.1% 0.0%

Maps

New seats One seat was allocated to Nevada upon its admission on October 31, 1864, increasing the size of the House to 242 seats and the number of recognized members to 184. Eight vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first Confederate state to be readmitted, increasing the number of recognized members to 192; 50 members elected from nine former Confederate states in 1864 or 1865 were not seated by the House.

Special elections

38th Congress

39th Congress

Alabama

Alabama held elections on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.

Arizona Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

Arkansas held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.

38th Congress

Arkansas did not hold elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863. Late elections were held from March 14–16, 1864, but the winners were not seated by the House.

39th Congress

Arkansas held elections for the 39th Congress on October 9, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.

California

California held elections on November 8, 1864.

Colorado Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut held elections on April 3, 1865, after the start of the term but before Congress convened.

Dakota Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Delaware held elections on November 8, 1864.

Florida

Florida held elections on November 29, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.

Georgia

Georgia held elections on November 15, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.

Idaho Territory See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Illinois held elections on November 8, 1864.

Indiana

Indiana held elections on October 10, 1864.

Iowa

Iowa held elections on November 8, 1864.

! | Josiah B. Grinnell

1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

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