1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.

Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The proindustry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with victory in the American Civil War, as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats, followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states, resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the Three-fifths Compromise by the 14th Amendment.

This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.

+ ↓ 89 203 Democratic Republican

State Type Total seats Democratic Republican Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Alabama District+ 2 at-large 8 2 2 1 6 3 Arkansas District+ at-large 4 1 0 1 4 2 California District 4 1 1 1 3 Connecticut District 4 1 3 Delaware At-large 1 0 1 1 1 Florida At-large 2 1 0 2 1 Georgia District 9 2 7 3 2 1 Illinois District 19 5 5 1 14 6 Indiana District+ 3 at-large 13 2 3 2 10 4 Iowa District 9 3 0 9 3 Kansas At-large 3 2 0 3 2 Kentucky District 10 1 10 1 0 Louisiana District+ 1 at-large 6 1 0 6 1 Maine District 5 0 5 Maryland District 6 1 4 1 2 2 Massachusetts District 11 1 0 11 1 Michigan District 9 3 0 1 9 4 Minnesota District 3 1 0 3 1 Mississippi District 6 1 1 1 5 Missouri District 13 4 9 5 4 1 Nebraska At-large 1 0 1 Nevada At-large 1 1 0 New Hampshire District 3 1 2 2 2 New Jersey District 7 2 1 1 6 3 New York District + 1 at-large 33 2 9 7 24 9 North Carolina District 8 1 5 3 1 Ohio District 20 1 6 1 14 Oregon At-large 1 0 1 1 1 Pennsylvania District+ 3 at-large 27 3 5 6 22 9 Rhode Island District 2 0 2 South Carolina District+ 1 at-large 5 1 0 5 1 Tennessee District+ 1 at-large 10 2 3 3 7 5 Texas District+ 2 at-large 6 2 6 3 0 1 Vermont District 3 0 3 Virginia District 9 1 5 4 1 West Virginia District 3 2 1 Wisconsin District 8 2 2 6 2 Total 292 49 89 13 203 62

Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.: 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845 This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

Early elections (1872): June 4 Oregon August 1 North Carolina August 27 West Virginia September 3 Vermont September 9 Maine October 8 Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania Late elections (1873): March 11, 1873 New Hampshire April 7, 1873 Connecticut

Special elections

: 1873 : 1872 : 1873 : 1873 : 1873 : 1872

Alabama

| colspan=3 | None | | New seat.Republican gain.

Arkansas

California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

District Incumbent This race Representative Party First elected Results Candidates None (new district) New seat.Republican gain. Aaron A. Sargent Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.Republican hold. John M. Coghlan Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Sherman O. Houghton Republican 1871 Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut

Delaware

The election was held November 5, 1872.

Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

District Incumbent This race Representative Party First elected Results Candidates Josiah T. Walls Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected. None New seat.Republican gain.

Georgia

| | Election successfully contested.New member seated March 24, 1874.Republican gain. | nowrap |

|}Guide to U.S. elections (6th ed (Online-Ausg.) ed.). Washington, D.C: CQ Press. 2010. .

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections

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