The following events occurred in September 1924:
September 1, 1924 (Monday) The Dawes Plan, a restructuring of the payment of reparations owed by Germany to the victorious Allied Powers of World War I, went into effect, three days after it was approved by Germany. The Russian All-Military Union, composed of remaining members of the White Russian Army that had failed in its attempt to prevent the Communist "Red Army" from controlling Russia, was founded in Yugoslavia by General Pyotr Wrangel in the Serbian town of Sremski Karlovci.″Главни војни циљ барона Врангела″. // Politika, 7 December 2017, p. 21. Joe Boyer, who had won the 1924 Indianapolis 500 in May, was fatally injured at the infamous Altoona Speedway in Altoona, Pennsylvania, after crashing through the rail while attempting to take the lead in the Altoona 250. A year before, the Altoona Speedway 250 race had claimed the life of 1919 Indianapolis winner Howdy Wilcox. A hurricane that had stricken the Virgin Islands on August 28 eased, after having killed at least 80 people."Hurricane Ravages the Virgin Islands; 80 Killed, Many Injured, Great Damage", The New York Times, September 2, 1924, p. 1 The film The Side Show of Life, starring Ernest Torrence, was released. Born: Francis Clifford Smith, longest serving American prisoner Died: Lieutenant General Samuel Baldwin Marks Young, 84, the first Chief of Staff of the United States Army (1903 to 1904)
September 2, 1924 (Tuesday) Germany made its first payment of 20 million gold marks under the Dawes Plan. Rodolfo Chiari won the presidential election in Panama with 85 percent of the vote over General Manuel Quintero. The hit Broadway musical Rose-Marie, with music by Rudolf Friml and Herbert Stothart, and lyrics by Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II, premiered at the Winter Garden Theatre, for the first of 557 performances. It would run in London for 581 shows and in Paris for 1,250 performances. The play produced the best-selling song "Indian Love Call". It was reported from Moscow that a bomb had been found in Lenin's Tomb but that a guard had found it before it could explode. Rube Foster, President of baseball's 8-team Negro National League (NNL), announced that the first "Negro World Series" would be played in October between the NNL champion and the champion of the 6-team Eastern Colored League in October. Born: Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya 1978 to 2002; in Sacho, British East Africa (d. 2020) Ramón Valdés, Mexican comedian and film star; in Mexico City (d. 1988) Sidney Phillips, noted World War II veteran who provided information for the Ken Burns 2007 documentary The War; in Mobile, Alabama (d. 2015) Ramón Valdés, Mexican actor; in Mexico City (d. 1988)
Died: Joe Boyer, 34, American auto racer and winner of the 1924 Indianapolis 500, died the day after his car crashed at the Altoona 250 race. Alexander Pearson Jr., 28, U.S. Army Air Service pilot who set the world speed record for an airplane a year earlier, was killed when a wing-strut collapsed on his Curtiss R-8 near Dayton, Ohio while he was practicing for the upcoming Pulitzer race.
September 3, 1924 (Wednesday) The Taif massacre of at least 300 civilians was carried out in the Kingdom of Hejaz at the city of Taif, near Mecca, by troops of the Ikhwan, sent by Sultan Ibn Saud of Nejd in the course of the Saudi conquest of Hejaz. The "Ruido de sables" (rattling of sabers) incident took place in Chile when a group of 56 young military officers, led by Colonel Marmaduke Grove, loudly rattled their ceremonial sabers within their scabbards in a political protest after they were asked to leave the Chamber of Deputies, which was debating military benefits. "Ruido de sables" became a metaphor in Spanish-speaking nations for a military conspiracy to plot a coup d'état. The event was part of the young officers' response to the Chamber's failure to enact the proposed reforms of President Arturo Alessandri. Chinese warlord Qi Xieyuan (referred to in the Western press during his lifetime as Ch'i Hsieh-yuan), governor of the Jiangsu province, went to war against Lu Yongxiang (Lu Yung-hsiang), military governor of the Zhejiang province, beginning the Jiangzu-Zhejiang War within China. Born: Mary Grace Canfield, American actress, in Rochester, New York (d. 2014) Died: Dario Resta, 42, Italian auto racer and winner of the 1916 Indianapolis 500, was killed instantly at the Brooklands racing circuit in England while trying to set a new land speed record. On the second lap, he suffered a blowout and crashed through a corrugated iron fence. Adam Willis Wagnalls, 80, American publisher and co-founder (with Isaac K. Funk) of the Funk & Wagnalls Company Patrick Mahon, 34, convicted English murderer, was hanged at Wandsworth Prison after he was found guilty of the murder of Emily Kaye.
September 4, 1924 (Thursday) British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald made a frank speech to the League of Nations Assembly in Geneva, essentially ending further discussion on the proposed "Treaty of Mutual Guarantee" that would replace existing national armies with an international armed force. MacDonald said that history had demonstrated that military alliances were no guarantor of security, and that to provide security, Germany and Russia must be admitted to the League. He added, "If we cannot devise proper arbitration let us go back to competitive armaments and military pacts and prepare for the inevitable next war." As to representatives of small nations he said, "Pact or no pact, you will be invaded, devastated and crushed. You are certain to be the victims of the military age." Max Huber was elected as the second president of the Permanent Court of International Justice, commonly called the "World Court" and an attachment to the League of Nations. Born: Joan Aiken, English writer of children's fiction best known for The Wolves of Willoughby Chase (in 1962) and its sequels, collectively known as the "Wolves Chronicles"; in Rye, East Sussex (d. 2004) Anita Snellman, Finnish painter; in Helsinki (d. 2006) Died: Constance Gordon-Cumming, 87, Scottish travel writer and painter noted for her detailed accounts and illustrations from her world travels
September 5, 1924 (Friday) The Trades Union Congress at Hull in England voted to take industrial action to stop war if necessary. The three remaining planes of the American round-the-world flyers (Chicago, New Orleans and Boston II) and their two-member crews returned to U.S. airspace and landed near Brunswick, Maine in a dense fog. To complete their journey, they were still required to return to Seattle. The same officers who had carried out the "ruido de sables" in Chile on September 3, led by Colonel Marmaduke Grove, entered the office of President Arturo Alessandri and demanded that he dismiss his Interior Minister, as well as to have him pressure the Congtress to enact a labor code, a reformed income tax law, and the raising military salaries. Faced with his overthrow, President Alessandri complied with Grove's demands and appointed General Luis Altamirano as the new Minister of the Interior. Evgen Gvaladze, who had attempted an armed rebellion in the Georgian SSR, was arrested by Soviet authorities. Gvaladze was released in March as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners. Born: Paul Dietzel, American college football coach who led the 1958 LSU Tigers football team to an undefeated season and the national championship, as determined by the AP and UPI polls; in Fremont, Ohio (d. 2013)
September 6, 1924 (Saturday)
The fourth annual Miss America Pageant was held at Atlantic City, New Jersey and won by Miss Philadelphia, Ruth Malcomson (1906—1988). The 1922 and 1923 winner, Mary Katherine Campbell (who had entered from Ohio as Miss Columbus), placed First Runner-Up. The pageant marked the last time that previous winners were eligible to enter the Miss America pageant. Chicago's new Soldier Field, referred to at the time as the Grant Park Stadium, held its first public event, admitting 45,000 paying customers to watch the two-day Police Athletic Games, a fundraiser for the Chicago Police Benevolent Association. Events included a chariot race and a game of motorcycle polo. John Dillinger made his first attempt at a major crime when he and a friend attempted to rob a grocery store in Mooresville, Indiana. The two were shortly apprehended and sent to jail. Born: Babafemi Ogundipe, Nigerian military officer who briefly served as the acting head of government following the kidnapping and assassination of President Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi; in Ago-Iwoye, Protectorate of Nigeria (d. 1971) Died: Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria, 56, former member of Austro-Hungarian royalty, daughter of the Emperor Franz Joseph I, known for renouncing all rights to the throne in order to marry a fellow Austrian, Archduke Franz Salvator, rather than a member of another dynasty, died of lymphoma.
September 7, 1924 (Sunday) Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera issued a manifesto to the army appealing for an extension of his emergency powers, saying, "One year is too short a time to attempt to carry out the work which lay before the directorio when we assumed power." The film Dante's Inferno was released. Born:
Daniel Inouye, American politician of Japanese descent and Medal of Honor recipient for heroism in World War II; in Honolulu (d. 2012). Inouye was the first U.S. Representative for Hawaii (1959 to 1963 as the at-large Congressman), U.S. Senator (1963 to 2012), and President pro tempore of the Senate from 2010 to 2012. Eugene R. Folk, American ophthalmologist and specialist in treatment of strabismus (d. 2003) Died: Georg von Hantelmann, 25, German fighter pilot and ace with 25 shootdowns during World War I, was killed on his farm in Prussia after confronting trespassers."Georg von Hantelmann", The Aerodrome (retrieved February 11, 2013).
September 8, 1924 (Monday) The round-the-world flyers landed at Mitchel Field on Long Island, New York. The Prince of Wales was among the crowd that greeted them. Born: Mimi Parent, Canadian surrealist artist; in Montreal (d. 2005) Wendell Ford, U.S. Senator for Kentucky for four terms (1974 to 1999), Democratic Party whip from 1991 to 1999, Governor from 1971 to 1974; in Owensboro, Kentucky (d. 2015) Died: Archduchess Helena of Austria, 20, six days after her daughter's birth
September 9, 1924 (Tuesday) The Hanapepe massacre, a gun battle in the U.S. Territory of Hawaii, killed 20 people, most of them striking Filipino workers at the McBryde sugar plantation on the island of Kauai. After two strikebreakers were taken hostage by armed members of the Higher Wage Movement, Kauai County police intervened. When the fighting ended, four police officers and 16 plantation workers were dead. Afterward, 130 Filipino workers were arrested, 56 of whom received jail sentences, and many of whom were deported back to the Philippines. Combat troops from the United States, Great Britain, Japan and Italy were deployed in Shanghai to protect their nations' interests as civil war appeared imminent in China. The Kohat Riots, three days of fighting between Muslims against the minority Hindus and Sikhs, began in the town of Kohat in the North-West Frontier Province of British India (now the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan). After the evacuation of most of the town's 8,000 Hindus and Sikhs to Rawalpindi, 12 Hindus were dead and 13 others missing, and 11 Muslims were confirmed to have been killed. The League of Nations began drafting a plan to take over the supervision of Germany's disarmament. President Calvin Coolidge waited for four hours in the rain to greet the round-the-world flyers at Bolling Field in Washington, D.C. Born: Jane Greer, American film and television actress known for the film noir Out of the Past (1947); in Washington, D.C. (d. 2001)