Hinghwa Romanized, also known as Hing-hua̍ báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (興化平話字) or Báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (平話字), is a Latin alphabet of the Putian dialect of Pu-Xian Min language. It was invented by William N. Brewster (蒲魯士), an American Methodist pioneer missionary in Hinghwa (modern Putian) in 1890.
Writing system Alphabet Hinghwa Romanized has 23 letters: .
+ Puxian Min Initial Chart Bilabial Alveolar Lateral Velar Glottal Plosive unaspirated 巴 (b) 打 (d) 家 (g) 烏 aspirated 彭 (p) 他 (t) 卡 (k) Nasals 麻 (m) 拿 (n) 雅 (ng) Fricatives voiceless 沙 (s) 下 (h) voiced Affricates unaspirated 渣 (c) aspirated 査 (ch) Approximant 拉 (l)
Finals Vowel Diphthong Nasal Glottal no glide 鴉 (a) 拗 (au) 王 (ang) 壓 (ah) 奥 (o̤) 用 (o̤ng) 屋 (o̤h) 科 (eo) 烏 (o) 温 (eong) 熨 (eoh) 裔 (a̤) 愛 (ai) 煙 (eng) 黑 (eh) 改 (e̤) 換 (e̤ng) 郁 (e̤h) 伓 (ng) /-i-/ 衣 (i) 油 (iu) 引 (ing) 益 (ih) 夜 (ia) 要 (a̤u) 鹽 (iang) 葉 (iah) /-u-/ 夫 (u) 位 (ui) 黄 (ng) 画 (ua) 歪 (oi) 碗 (uang) 活 (uah) /-y-/ 余 (ṳ) 恩 (ṳng) 役 (ṳh) 安 (io̤ⁿ) 羊 (io̤ng) 藥 (io̤h)
Tone ToneIng-báⁿ 陰平Ing-siō̤ng 陰上Ing-kṳ̍ 陰去Ing-ci̍h 陰入Ió̤ng-báⁿ 陽平Ió̤ng-kṳ̍ 陽去Ió̤ng-ci̍h 陽入Hinghwa Romanizednone (a)ˆ (â)ˈ (a̍)none (ah) ́ (á)¯ (ā)ˈ (a̍h)Putian ˥˧˧ (533) ˦˥˧ (453) ˦˨ (42) ʔ˨˩ (ʔ21) ˩˧ (13) ˩ (11) ʔ˦ (ʔ4)Xianyou ˥˦˦ (544) ˧˧˨ (332) ˥˨ (52) ʔ˨ (ʔ2) ˨˦ (24) ˨˩ (21) ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
Example text Tai̍-che̤ ū Dō̤, Dō̤ gah Siō̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi, Dō̤ cuh sī Siō̤ng-Da̤̍. Ca̤̍ Dō̤ ta̍i-che̤ gah Sio̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi. Māng-beo̍h sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē; hang pī cho̤̍, beo̍ seo̍h-ā̤uⁿ ng-sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē.
太初有道，道佮上帝同在，道就是上帝。這道太初佮上帝同在。萬物是借著伊造兮，含被造兮，無一樣呣是借著伊造兮。
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3 KJV)
Compared with Pe̍h-ōe-jī and Foochow Romanized IPAHinghwa RomanizedFoochow Romanized pʰ p p tʰ t t kʰ k k p b b t d d k g g tsʰ ch ch ts c c
Tone陰平 Ing-báⁿ陰上 Ing-siō̤ng陰去 Ing-kṳ̍陰入 Ing-ci̍h陽平 Ió̤ng-báⁿ陽去 Ió̤ng-kṳ̍陽入 Ió̤ng-ci̍hHinghwa Romanized a â a̍ ah á ā a̍hPe̍h-ōe-jī a á à ah â ā a̍h
References 刘福铸：兴化话罗马字研究 高德矞：兴化话与罗马字
External links The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments in Hinghwa dialect, romanized