List of the vascular plants of the Falkland Islands

The flora of the Falkland Islands comprises 178 native species (marked * in the list below), 219 non-native species ('†') and 6 of uncertain status. Thirteen species (marked in bold) are endemic to the islands, and two – Gamochaeta malvinensis and Polystichum mohrioides – are near-endemics, being also found on other nearby islands.

Ferns and fern allies Huperzia fuegiana, fir clubmoss* Lycopodium confertum, creeping clubmoss* Lycopodium magellanicum, common clubmoss* Ophioglossum crotalophoroides, adder's-tongue* Equisetum arvense, field horsetail† Adiantum chilense, maidenhair-fern* Asplenium dareoides, spleenwort* Asplenium scolopendrium, hart's-tongue fern Blechnum magellanicum, tall-fern* Blechnum penna-marina, small-fern* Botrychium dusenii, Dusen's moonwort* Cystopteris fragilis, brittle bladder-fern* Dryopteris dilatata, broad buckler-fern† Dryopteris filix-mas, male-fern† Grammitis poeppigiana, strap-fern* Hymenophyllum caespitosum, red-haired filmy-fern* Hymenophyllum darwinii, Darwin's filmy-fern* Hymenophyllum falklandicum, Falkland filmy-fern* Hymenophyllum tortuosum, twisted filmy-fern* Hypolepis poeppigii, bramble-fern* Parablechnum cordatum, Chilean tall-fern* Polystichum mohrioides, shield-fern* Rumohra adiantiformis, leathery shield-fern* Schizaea fistulosa, comb fern* Sticherus cryptocarpa, coral-fern*

Gymnosperms Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress† Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce† Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine† Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine† Pinus muricata, bishop pine† Pinus nigra, Austrian pine† Pinus radiata, Monterey pine† Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine†

Angiosperms Ranunculales

Berberidaceae Berberis microphylla, calafate† Papaveraceae Fumaria muralis, common ramping-fumitory† Papaver dubium subsp. dubium, long-headed poppy† Papaver dubium subsp. lecoqii, yellow-juiced poppy† Ranunculaceae Hamadryas argentea, silvery buttercup* Psychrophila appendiculata, dwarf marigold* Psychrophila sagittata, arrow-leaved marigold* Ranunculus acaulis, Skottsberg's buttercup* Ranunculus biternatus, Antarctic buttercup* Ranunculus hydrophilus, marsh buttercup* Ranunculus maclovianus, Falkland buttercup* Ranunculus pseudotrullifolius, false ladle-leaved buttercup* Ranunculus repens, creeping buttercup† Ranunculus sceleratus, celery-leaved buttercup† Ranunculus sericocephalus, silky buttercup* Ranunculus trullifolius, ladle-leaved buttercup*

Gunnerales Gunnera magellanica, pigvine*

Saxifragales Crassulaceae Crassula moschata,* stonecrop* Sedum acre, biting stonecrop† Sedum forsterianum, rock stonecrop† Grossulariaceae Ribes magellanicum, Magellanic currant† Ribes nigrum, black currant† Ribes rubrum, red currant† Ribes uva-crispa, gooseberry† Haloragaceae Myriophyllum quitense, water-milfoil* Saxifragaceae Saxifraga magellanica, saxifrage* Saxifraga × urbium, London pride†

Fabales Cytisus scoparius, broom† Glycyrrhiza astragalina,† Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot-trefoil† Lotus pedunculatus, greater bird's-foot-trefoil† Lupinus arboreus, tree lupin† Medicago sativa, lucerne† Trifolium arvense, hare's-foot clover† Trifolium aureum, golden clover† Trifolium dubium, lesser trefoil† Trifolium fragiferum, strawberry clover† Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover† Trifolium pratense, red clover† Trifolium repens, white clover† Trifolium striatum, knotted clover† Ulex europaeus, gorse† Ulex gallii, western gorse† Vicia cracca, tufted vetch† Vicia sativa, common vetch† Vicia sepium, bush vetch†

Rosales Rosaceae Acaena antarctica, Antarctic prickly-burr* Acaena lucida,* yarrow* Acaena magellanica, prickly-burr* Acaena ovalifolia, oval-leaved prickly-burr* Acaena pumila, dwarf prickly-burr* Aphanes arvensis, parsley-piert† Malus domestica, apple† Potentilla anserina, silverweed† Prunus domestica, plum† Rosa canina, dog-rose† Rosa rubiginosa, sweet-briar† Rosa rugosa, Japanese rose† Rubus geoides, Falkland strawberry* Rubus idaeus, raspberry† Sorbus aria, whitebeam† Sorbus aucuparia, rowan† Urticaceae Urtica urens, annual stinging-nettle†

Fagales Castanea sativa, sweet chestnut† Nothofagus betuloides, southern beech† Quercus robur, pedunculate oak†

Celastrales Maytenus magellanica, pickwood†

Oxalidales Oxalis enneaphylla, scurvygrass*

Malpighiales Elatinaceae Elatine triandra, waterwort* Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus, petty spurge† Salicaceae Populus × canescens, grey poplar† Salix cinerea, grey willow† Salix gmelinii, Gmelin's willow† Salix viminalis, osier† Salix × rubra, green-leaved willow† Violaceae Viola arvensis, field pansy† Viola maculata, common violet* Viola magellanica, Fuegian violet* Viola tricolor, heartsease / wild pansy† Viola tridentata, mountain violet* Viola × wittrockiana, pansy†

Geraniales Erodium cicutarium, common storks-bill† Geranium molle, dove's-foot crane's-bill† Geranium pusillum, small-flowered crane's-bill† Geranium robertianum, herb robert†

Myrtales Myrtaceae Eucalyptus gunnii, cider gum† Myrteola nummularia, teaberry* Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum, American willowherb† Epilobium obscurum, short-fruited willowherb† Fuchsia 'Corallina', large-flowered fuchsia† Fuchsia magellanica, fuchsia†

Malvales Sidalcea malviflora, Greek mallow† Drapetes muscosa, drapetes*

Brassicales Armoracia rusticana, horseradish† Brassica napus, swede† Brassica oleracea, cabbage† Brassica rapa, turnip† Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd's-purse† Cardamine glacialis, bitter-cress* Cardamine hirsuta, hairy bitter-cress† Cochlearia officinalis, English scurvygrass† Draba funiculosa, whitlowgrass* Draba magellanica, Fuegian whitlowgrass* Erophila verna, introduced whitlowgrass† Hesperis matronalis, dame's-violet† Lepidium didymum, lesser swine-cress* Nasturtium officinale, water-cress† Phlebolobium maclovianum, Falkland rock-cress*

Santalales Nanodea muscosa, foxberry*

Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Atriplex patula, common orache† Atriplex prostrata, spear-leaved orache† Chenopodium macrospermum, goosefoot* Suaeda argentinensis, shrubby seablite* Caryophyllaceae Cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear* Cerastium fontanum, common mouse-ear† Cerastium glomeratum, sticky mouse-ear† Colobanthus quitensis, Andean pearlwort* Colobanthus subulatus, emerald-bog* Sagina filicaulis, annual pearlwort† Sagina procumbens, procumbent pearlwort† Silene latifolia, white campion† Silene uniflora, bladder campion† Spergula arvensis, corn spurrey† Spergularia marina, lesser sea-spurrey* Stellaria alsine, bog stitchwort† Stellaria debilis,* stitchwort* Stellaria graminea, lesser stitchwort† Stellaria media, chickweed† Droseraceae Drosera uniflora, sundew* Montiaceae Calandrinia nitida,* Claytonia perfoliata, spring beauty† Montia fontana, blinks* Plumbaginaceae Armeria maritima, thrift* Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass† Polygonum maritimum, sea knotgrass* Rheum × hybridum, rhubarb† Rumex acetosa, sorrel† Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella, sheep's sorrel† Rumex acetosella subsp. pyrenaicus, round-seeded sheep's sorrel† Rumex crispus, curled dock† Rumex hydrolapathum, water dock† Rumex longifolius, northern dock† Rumex magellanicus, southern dock* Rumex obtusifolius, broad-leaved dock†

Ericales Ericaceae Calluna vulgaris, heather† Empetrum rubrum, diddle-dee* Gaultheria antarctica, Antarctic mountainberry* Gaultheria antarctica × pumila, mountainberry hybrid* Gaultheria pumila, mountainberry* Primulaceae Anagallis alternifolia, pimpernel* Primula magellanica, dusty miller* Samolus repens, shore pimpernel*

Gentianales Gentianaceae Centaurium pulchellum, lesser centaury† Gentianella magellanica, felwort* Rubiaceae Galium antarcticum, Antarctic bedstraw* Galium aparine, cleavers† Galium saxatile, heath bedstraw† Nertera granadensis, beadplant*

Boraginaceae Myosotis arvensis, field forget-me-not† Myosotis discolor, changing forget-me-not† Myosotis ramosissima, early forget-me-not†

Solanales Solanum tuberosum, potato†

Lamiales

Calceolariaceae Calceolaria biflora, yellow lady's slipper* Calceolaria fothergillii, lady's slipper* Callitrichaceae Callitriche antarctica, water-starwort* Lamiaceae Lamium amplexicaule, henbit dead-nettle† Lamium hybridum, cut-leaved dead-nettle† Lamium purpureum, red dead-nettle† Mentha spicata, spearmint† Mentha × piperita, peppermint† Mentha × villosa, apple-mint† Prunella vulgaris, selfheal† Scutellaria nummulariifolia, skullcap* Orobanchaceae Euphrasia antarctica, eyebright* Euphrasia confusa, European eyebright† Parentucellia viscosa, yellow bartsia† Plantaginaceae Littorella australis, shoreweed* Plantago barbata, thrift plantain* Plantago coronopus, buck's-horn plantain† Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain† Plantago major, greater plantain† Plantago maritima, sea plantain* Plantago media, hoary plantain† Plantago moorei, Moore's plantain* Scrophulariaceae Limosella australis, southern mudwort* Veronicaceae Digitalis purpurea, foxglove† Veronica agrestis, green field speedwell† Veronica arvensis, wall speedwell† Veronica elliptica,* boxwood* Veronica officinalis, heath speedwell† Veronica serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved speedwell† Veronica × franciscana, hybrid boxwood†

Asterales

Asteraceae Abrotanella emarginata, notched moss-bog* Achillea millefolium, yarrow† Agoseris coronopifolium, Fuegian hawks-beard* Anthemis punctata, Sicilian chamomile† Baccharis magellanica, Christmas-bush* Bellis perennis, daisy† Chevreulia lycopodioides, clubmoss cudweed* Chiliotrichum diffusum, fachine* Cichorium intybus, chicory† Cirsium arvense, creeping thistle† Cirsium vulgare, spear thistle† Crepis capillaris, smooth hawks-beard† Erigeron incertus, hairy daisy* Gamochaeta americana, American cudweed* Gamochaeta antarctica, Antarctic cudweed* Gamochaeta malvinensis, Falkland cudweed* Gamochaeta spiciformis, spiked cudweed* Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Jersey cudweed† Hieracium antarcticum, Antarctic hawkweed* Hieracium patagonicum, Patagonian hawkweed* Hypochaeris arenaria, sand cat's-ear* Hypochaeris radicata, common cat's-ear† Lagenophora nudicaulis, dwarf daisy* Leontodon hispidus, rough hawkbit† Leptinella scariosa, buttonweed* Leucanthemum vulgare, oxeye daisy† Leucanthemum × superbum, Shasta daisy† Leucheria suaveolens, vanilla daisy* Matricaria discoidea, pineappleweed† Nassauvia gaudichaudii, coastal nassauvia* Nassauvia serpens, snakeplant* Perezia recurvata, Falkland lavender* Pilosella aurantiaca, orange hawkweed, fox-and-cubs† Pilosella officinarum, mouse-ear-hawkweed† Senecio candidans, sea cabbage* Senecio falklandicus, woolly Falkland daisy* Senecio jacobaea, European ragwort† Senecio squalidus, Oxford ragwort† Senecio sylvaticus, heath groundsel† Senecio vaginatus, smooth Falkland daisy* Senecio vulgaris, groundsel† Sonchus asper, prickly sow-thistle† Sonchus oleraceus, smooth sow-thistle† Symphyotrichum vahlii, marsh daisy* Tanacetum parthenium cv. 'Aureum', golden feverfew† Tanacetum vulgare, tansy† Taraxacum gilliesii, Gillie's dandelion* Taraxacum officinale, dandelion† Tripleurospermum maritimum, scentless mayweed† Tussilago farfara, colt's foot† Nastanthus falklandicus, false-plantain* Calyceraceae Lobelia pratiana, berry-lobelia*

Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae Lonicera periclymenum, honeysuckle† Sambucus nigra cv. 'Marginata', variegated elder† Sambucus nigra f. laciniata, cut-leaved elder† Sambucus nigra f. nigra, elder† Valerianaceae Valeriana sedifolia, valerian-bog* Valerianella locusta, lamb's lettuce†

Apiales Apiaceae Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley† Apium australe, wild celery* Azorella filamentosa, wiry azorella* Azorella lycopodioides, clubmoss azorella* Azorella monantha, tufted azorella* Azorella selago, cushion azorella* Bolax gummifera, balsam-bog* Conium maculatum, hemlock† Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed† Levisticum officinale, lovage† Lilaeopsis macloviana, lilaeopsis* Oreomyrrhis hookeri, Hooker's sweet cicely* Schizeilema ranunculus, buttercup-parsley* Araliaceae Hedera helix, ivy† Hydrocotylaceae Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, marsh pennywort*

Alismatales Juncaginaceae Tetroncium magellanicum, arrowgrass* Potamogetonaceae