Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 16th Congress, and sat from 13 July 1930 until 10 February 1934. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. The 16th Congress was the first party convention since the 13th Congress which saw no organized opposition, and the first congress in party history in which there was no opposition to the party leadership. Ukrainian historian Oleg Khlevniuk considers the period 1930–1934 to be a "transitional period" between collective leadership (referred to interchangeably by him as oligarchy) and Joseph Stalin's personal dictatorship (autocracy). The removal of Alexei Rykov, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK, the Soviet government), from the Politburo at the 1st Joint Plenary Session of the CC and the Central Control Commission (CCC) has been marked in historic literature as "the definitive Stalinization of that body [Politburo]" according to Khlevniuk.

The Central Committee elected Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee at its 1st Plenary Session. Vyacheslav Molotov served as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow. Upon Molotov's appointment as SNK Chairman in December 1930, Lazar Kaganovich took his place as Second Secretary.

This Central Committee composition led the party and the country through the first five-year plan, Syrtsov–Lominadze affair, dekulakization, collectivization of agriculture, Ryutin Affair, Soviet famine of 1932–33 (which has led to accusation of "extermination by hunger" by the Ukrainian state), the beginning of the second five-year plan, purges of the last oppositional elements within the party and heightened repression.

Plenums The Central Committee was not a permanent institution. It convened plenary sessions. Seven CC plenary sessions and two plenary sessions held in conjunction with the convening of the Central Control Commission were held between the 16th Congress and the 17th Congress. When the CC was not in session, decision-making power was vested in the internal bodies of the CC itself; that is, the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. None of these bodies were permanent either; typically they convened several times a month.

+ Plenary sessions of the Central Committee Plenum Date Length 1st Plenary Session 13 July 1930 1 day 2nd Plenary Session 1 December 1930 1 day 1st Joint Plenary Session 17–21 December 1930 5 days 3rd Plenary Session 11–15 June 1931 5 days 4th Plenary Session 28–31 October 1931 4 days 5th Plenary Session 4 February 1932 1 day 6th Plenary Session 28 September – 2 October 1932 5 days 2nd Joint Plenary Session 7–12 January 1933 6 days 7th Plenary Session 25 January 1934 1 day

Apparatus Individuals employed by the Central Committee's bureaus, departments and newspapers made up the apparatus between the 16th Congress and the 17th Congress. The bureaus and departments were supervised by the Secretariat, and each secretary (member of the Secretariat) supervised a specific department. The leaders of departments were officially referred to as Heads, while the titles of bureau leaders varied between chairman, first secretary and secretary.

+Central Committee Apparatus of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Institution Leader Cyrillic Took office Left office Length of tenure Nationality Gender Accounting Department Тимофей Самсонов 1932 10 February 1934 Russian Male Administrator of Affairs Тимофей Самсонов 13 July 1930 10 February 1934 Russian Male Administrative, Enterprise and Trade Union Cadres Department Иван Москвин 13 July 1930 14 November 1930 Russian Male Николай Ежов 14 November 1930 10 February 1934 Russian Male Agitation and Mass Campaign Department Григорий Каминский 13 July 1930 August 1930 Russian Male Клавдия Николаева August 1930 1933 Russian Female Agriculture Department Лазарь Каганович 15 December 1932 10 February 1934 Jewish Male Bolshevik Вильгельм Кнорин 13 July 1930 10 February 1934 Latvian Male Central Asian Bureau Исаак Зеленский 13 July 1930 January 1931 Jewish Male Карл Бауман January 1931 10 February 1931 Latvian Male Culture and Propaganda Department Алексей Стецкий 13 July 1930 10 February 1934 Russian Male Institute of Marx–Engels–Lenin Владимир Адоратский November 1931 10 February 1934 Russian Male Organizational-Instruction Department Дмитрий Булатов 13 July 1930 July 1931 Russian Male Joseph Meerzon Жозеф Меерзон July 1931 1932 Jewish Male Па́вел По́стышев 1932 January 1933 Russian Male Владимир Полонский January 1933 August 1933 Russian Male Pravda Лев Мехлис 13 July 1930 10 February 1934 Jewish Male Secret Department Иван Товстуха 13 July 1930 22 July 1930 Ukrainian Male Александр Поскрёбышев 22 July 1930 10 February 1934 Russian Male

Composition Members +Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Name Cyrillic 15th CC 17th CC Nationality Gender Portrait Пётр Алексеев 1893 1937 1914 Russian Male Андрей Андреев 1895 1971 1914 Russian Male Николай Антипов 1894 1938 1912 Russian Male Алексей Бадаев 1883 1951 1904 Russian Male Карл Бауман 1892 1937 1907 Latvian Male Андрей Бубнов 1884 1938 1903 Russian Male Никола́й Буха́рин 1888 1938 1906 Russian Male Влас Чубар 1891 1939 1907 Ukrainian Male Михаил Чудов 1893 1937 1913 Russian Male Михаил Чувырин 1883 1947 1903 Russian Male Роберт Эйхе 1890 1940 1905 Latvian Male Ян Гамарник 1894 1937 1916 Jewish Male Филипп Голощёкин 1876 1941 1903 Jewish Male Иван Кабаков 1891 1937 1914 Russian Male Лазарь Каганович 1893 1991 1911 Jewish Male Михаил Калинин 1875 1946 1898 Russian Male Мендель Хатаевич 1893 1937 1913 Russian Male Серге́й Ки́ров 1886 1934 1904 Russian Male Вильгельм Кнорин 1890 1938 1910 Latvian Male Иван Кодацкий 1893 1937 1914 Ukrainian Male Николай Колотилов 1885 1937 1903 Russian Male Николай Комаров 1886 1937 1909 Russian Male Иосиф Косиор 1889 1937 1908 Polish Male Станислав Косиор 1889 1939 1907 Polish Male Наде́жда Кру́пская 1869 1939 1898 Russian Female Глеб Кржижано́вский 1872 1959 1898 Russian Male Николай Кубяк 1881 1937 1898 Russian Male Валериан Куйбышев 1888 1935 1904 Russian Male Эммануил Квиринг 1888 1937 1912 Volga German Male Дмитрий Лебедь 1893 1937 1909 Russian Male Фёдор Леонов 1892 1938 1914 Russian Male Семён Лобов 1888 1937 1913 Russian Male Виссарион Ломинадзе 1897 1935 1917 Georgian Male Исидор Любимов 1882 1937 1902 Russian Male Дмитро Мануїльський 1883 1959 1903 Ukrainian Male Анаста́с Микоя́н 1895 1978 1915 Armenian Male Вячеслав Молотов 1890 1986 1906 Russian Male Иван Москвин 1890 1937 1911 Russian Male Иван Носов 1888 1937 1905 Russian Male Георгий Оппоков 1888 1938 1903 Russian Male Мамия Орахелашвили 1888 1937 1903 Georgian Male Григо́рий Орджоники́дзе 1886 1937 1903 Georgian Male Григо́рій Петро́вський 1878 1958 1898 Ukrainian Male Осип Пятницкий 1882 1938 1898 Jewish Male Григо́рій Петро́вський 1887 1939 1904 Russian Male Георгий Пятаков 1890 1939 1910 Russian Male Ян Рудзутак 1887 1938 1905 Latvian Male Моисей Рухимович 1889 1938 1913 Russian Male Иван Румянцев 1886 1937 1905 Russian Male Алексей Рыков 1881 1938 1898 Russian Male Кузьма Рындин 1893 1938 1915 Russian Male Исаак Шварц 1879 1951 1899 Jewish Male Борис Шеболдаев 1895 1937 1914 Russian Male Николай Шверник 1888 1970 1905 Russian Male Микола Скрипник 1872 1933 1898 Ukrainian Male Александр Смирно 1878 1938 1898 Russian Male Ио́сиф Ста́лин 1878 1953 1898 Georgian Male Алексей Стецкий 1896 1938 1915 Russian Male Константин Стриевский 1885 1938 1902 Belarusian Male Даниил Сулимов 1890 1937 1905 Russian Male Сергей Сырцов 1893 1937 1913 Russian Male Александр Толоконцев 1889 1937 1914 Russian Male Михаил Томский 1880 1936 1904 Russian Male Антон Цихон 1887 1939 1906 Russian Male Константин Уханов 1891 1937 1907 Russian Male Иосиф Варейкис 1894 1938 1913 Lithuanian Male Климент Ворошилов 1881 1969 1903 Russian Male Я́ков Я́ковлев 1896 1938 1913 Jewish Male Исаак Зеленский 1890 1937 1906 Jewish Male Андрей Жданов 1896 1948 1915 Russian Male Иван Жуков 1889 1937 1909 Russian Male

Candidates +Candidate Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Name Cyrillic 15th CC 17th CC Nationality Gender Portrait Степан Афанасьев 1894 1965 1912 Russian Male Алексей Амосов 1896 1937 1914 Russian Male Наум Анцелович 1895 1971 1905 Russian Male Пётр Баранов 1892 1933 1912 Russian Male Сергей Бергавинов 1889 1937 1917 Russian Male Николай Брюханов 1878 1938 1902 Russian Male Иван Булат 1896 1938 1912 Ukrainian Male Дмитрий Булатов 1889 1941 1912 Russian Male Антон Булин 1894 1938 1914 Russian Male Николай Чаплин 1902 1938 1919 Russian Male Сергей Чуцкаев 1876 1944 1903 Russian Male Александр Догадов 1888 1937 1905 Russian Male Шалва Элиава 1883 1937 1904 Georgian Male Константин Гей 1896 1939 1916 Russian Male Николай Голодед 1894 1937 1918 Belarusian Male Фёдор Грядинский 1893 1938 1912 Russian Male Акмаль Икрамов 1898 1938 1918 Uzbek Male Ураз Исаев 1899 1938 1920 Kazakh Male Владимир Иванов 1893 1938 1915 Russian Male Михаил Кахиани 1896 1937 1917 Georgian Male Анна Калыгина 1895 1937 1915 Russian Female Моисей Калманович 1888 1937 1917 Russian Male Григорий Каминский 1895 1938 1913 Jewish Male Лаврентий Картвелишвили 1890 1938 1910 Georgian Male Михаил Хлоплянкин 1892 1938 1914 Russian Male Алексей Киселёв 1879 1937 1898 Russian Male Иван Клименко 1891 1937 1912 Russian Male Александр Косарев 1903 1939 1919 Russian Male Иван Козлов 1883 1970 1918 Russian Male Александр Криницкий 1894 1937 1915 Russian Male Василий Курицын 1892 1937 1917 Russian Male Соломон Лозовский 1892 1952 1901 Russian Male Валерий Межлаук 1893 1938 1917 Latvian Male Василий Михайлов 1894 1937 1915 Russian Male Михаил Михайлов-Иванов 1894 1931 1913 Russian Male Левон Мирзоян 1887 1939 1917 Armenian Male Газанфар Мусабеков 1888 1938 1918 Azerbaijani Male Клавдия Николаева 1893 1944 1909 Russian Female Валериан Оболенский 1887 1938 1907 Russian Male Михаил Ошвинцев 1889 1939 1917 Russian Male Николай Пахомов 1890 1938 1917 Russian Male Иван Перепечко 1897 1943 1914 Ukrainian Male Владимир Полонский 1893 1937 1912 Russian Male Николай Попов 1890 1938 1919 Russian Male Борис Позерн 1882 1939 1902 Russian Male Владимир Птуха 1894 1938 1917 Ukrainian Male Константин Румянцев 1891 1932 1916 Russian Male Максимилиа́н Саве́льев 1898 1939 1903 Russian Male Василий Шмидт 1886 1938 1905 German Male Алексей Седельников 1894 1938 1914 Russian Male Борис Семёнов 1890 1937 1907 Russian Male Александр Серебровский 1884 1938 1903 Russian Male Пётр Смородин 1897 1939 1917 Russian Male Григорий Сокольников 1888 1939 1905 Jewish Male Василий Строганов 1888 1938 1905 Russian Male Кирилл Сухомлин 1886 1938 1905 Russian Male Роман Терехов 1889 1979 1912 Russian Male Фёдор Царьков 1888 1938 1906 Russian Male Иероним Уборевич 1896 1937 1917 Lithuanian Male Ио́сиф У́ншлихт 1879 1938 1900 Polish Male Михаил Урываев 1887 1937 1917 Russian Male Гавриил Вейнберг 1891 1946 1906 Polish Male Пётр Волков 1896 1937 1917 Russian Male Генрих Ягода 1891 1938 1907 Russian Male Иона Якир 1896 1937 1917 Moldovan Male Пелагея Воронова 1892 1990 1917 Russian Female Тихон Юркин 1898 1986 1915 Russian Male

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