Technology transfer in computer science refers to the transfer of technology developed in computer science or applied computing research, from universities and governments to the private sector. These technologies may be abstract, such as algorithms and data structures, or concrete, such as open source software packages.
Examples Notable examples of technology transfer in computer science include: Year of transferTechnologyField(s)Originally developed atTransfer method(s)Commercialised atPatentedUsed byc. 1964BASICProgramming languagesDartmouth CollegeFreewareComputer manufacturers and othersNoNumerous BASIC dialects1974 (Internet Protocol published)
1992 (interconnection)The InternetComputer networking
The InternetAdvanced Research Projects AgencyRFC
1992 law permitting commercial interconnectionNumerous companiesNoMillions of web sites and other internet properties1981KMSHypertextCarnegie Mellon UniversitySpin-outKnowledge SystemsNo?1984MATLABProgramming languages
Scientific computing
Numerical computingUniversity of New MexicoIncorporation and rewriteMathWorksNo (original)
Yes (from 2001)Millions of usersc. 1985HyperTIESHypertextUniversity of MarylandLicensingCognetics Corporation?Union Carbide, Hewlett-Packard, others1990 (initial software)
1994 (Netscape)World Wide WebHypertext
World Wide WebCERNUnfettered use (no patents) Consortium (to create recommended standards)Netscape and othersNoMillions of web sites1991GopherComputer networking
The Internet
Information retrievalUniversity of MinnesotaRFC
FreewareNumerous companiesNoNumerous Gopher sites1998PageRankInformation retrieval
World Wide Web
AlgorithmsStanford UniversitySpin-outGoogleYesGoogle Search2004 (software)
2011 (incorporation)ScalaProgramming languages
Object-oriented programmingÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneOpen sourceTypesafe Inc. and others?Play, Akka and others2013CRDTsDistributed computingINRIA and others?Basho TechnologiesNoRiak
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